/ 

PF 3117 
.F64 
Copy 1 



A CAI.L FOE REDRESS 



TO THE ENLIGHTENED ANT) THE JUST OF THE 
BRITISH PUBLIC 



m A MATTER OF PIRACY COMMITTED ON 

D«. J. G. FLUGEL'S 

ENGLISH AND GERMAN DICTIONARY 

SECOND EDITION, LEIPSIC, 1S38; 



A TRUE STATEMENT OF WHICH IS EXHIBITED IN THE 

FOLLOWING PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION, 

PFBLISHED AT LEIPSIC, 1847, 



BY THE INJURED AUTHOR. 



Who steals my purse, steals trash; *lis somelhing, nothing; 
'Tvvas mine, 'tis his; and has been slave to thousanils. 
But he that filches from me my good name, 
Robs me of that which not enriches him, 
And makes me poor indeed. 

Shakespeare — Othello. 






,f 



ff 



PREFACE 

TO THE THIRD EDITION. 



35 r r c b c 

^ur Written Pluflac^c. 



iHE rapid sale of a work, particu- 
larly one so extensive as the present, 
seems to prove, in some measure at least, 
its utility, and naturally affords ground of 
satisfaction to its author. Yet, notwith- 
standing, his responsibility towards the 
public and his anxiety to perform his 
labours as completely as possible have been 
increased in the same proportion. Fully 
impressed with these ideas he can 
safely affirm, that he has bestowed on 
the present edition the utmost care and 
attention. 

Whoever considers the great advance- 
ment, which almost all the sciences have 
made towards perfection in our progres- 
sive age, will be able to perceive, that a 
universal dictionary of the English language 
is none of the easiest tasks to perform, 
if it is to be a sufficient means for the 
explication of so rich a literature and an 
almost endless variety of terms of science. 

It is scarcely necessary to add, that the 
author has not reached his own ideal of 
such a work, and it would be su])er- 
fluous to mention all the reasons of this ; 
which are manifold and partly beyond his 
control; some of them however will be 
touched upon in the course of this preface. 

With regard to copiousness which is, 
no doubt, the first requisite of a univer- 
sal dictionary, tlie author does not ap- 
prehend much censure, being conscious 
of having, in this respect, done more than 
has hitherto been accomplished. 



-ii5cun etnerfeitS ber fd^ttede Qt6fa| eincg 
QScrfcg, ipcn{c|j!cn§ cinc6 fo imtfangreicficn 
\vk bag gegcim\u-t{i5e, etnc gcirtffe ©circi^r 
fiir [eine 35rauc^6arfett ift, unb ben 33erfaffcr 
mit ^rciibe erfiillcn mu^, fo ftctgert ft(J» bccb 
and) in bcnifcI6cn iBcr^^altniffe fcine 25crant= 
wortrid)fcit bcm ^u6Iicuni gegeniiBcr, \d\m 
bie angftItcIie®orge, fetnen^fltcbten moglicf)ft 
i^oUftanbig ju gcnitgcn. ^on bcr @eiridmg= 
feit biefcr 3;i;atfackn biirc^ibruncjen, !ann 
bcrfelBe bie 33erjtck^runc\ geBcn, ba^ er bic 
grogte (Sorgfalt unb Qtufmcrffamfcit auf bie 
gegenmdrtige Qluflage i^ermanbt t^at, 

SBcr nun aBcr Bcbcnft, mit irclckr ^BihrnU 
(igfctt fid) faft alle Siffenfcf;aftcn in unfcrcr 
ftrcBfamcn 3ett auf uncrmc^[tc^)c ^o^cn gc* 
[(^mungen ^a6en, ber wix^ Beurt^eilcn fon= 
ncn, baf einem allgemctncn QBorterCnicBc bcr 
englifdien 6prad;e !cinc geringe QtufgaBe gc= 
ftellt i}t, wmn e§ 'ta§> Q^erftcinbnif cincr fo 
rcidjcn 5^itcratur unb faft un^cif^Itgcr ,^unft= 
auSbriicfe geniigenb i^ermittcln tinlL 

5)af ber33fr. wdt l^inter fetncm cigencn 
3beale cinc§ foldicn Serfe6 juriicfgcBItcBcn 
ift Bcbarf fctncr 33erftd;crung. 5){e Itrfadicn 
f^ier^u finb luelfad; unb gum %t)ni auger bem 
Q3crcid)c fctncr W}ad)t ; ea miirbc ^u ivcit fii:^= 
rcn, ftc alle ju criua(;ncn; citiigc uicvbcn im 
33er[aufc biefcr 9}orrcbc (£nrdi{)nung ftnbcn. 

3BaS nun juuvidiji bie 3}ol(ftdnbigfcit bcc^ 
®orti^crrat(;a tctrifft, ba Hc\c ia bod; ta§ 
crfte ^rforbernig cincg allgemeinen SBcrter^ 
Oudi§ [ft, fo fiirditct bcr 33fr. in bicfcr Q?c^tcf;ung 
fciucnBcbeutcnbcnCODrwurf, ba cr ]id} Bcunifn 
tjl, Bicrin me^r geleij^et ju ^aBen, <\U in 
trgcnb cinem SortcrBudic BieBcr gcfd)aB, 



According to an enumeration, wliicli, 
from want of lime, could l)e made only 
to about the middle of lliis diclionary the 
whole iiiimher of words added to the 
present edition amounts at the lowest 
estimate, to upwards of 40,000. Now 
it w^ould be an erroneous view of the 
case, although easily and perhaps willingly 
adopted by malevolent critics, to suppose 
that the particular endeavour of the author 
has been to outvie his predecessors in 
mere masses of words; whereas, on the 
contrary, a great quantity of participles 
in -ing and -ed, substantives termina- 
ting willi -ness, &c., comparatives, and 
other words, easily formed according to 
well-known grammatical laws, even if they 
seemed to exhibit some irregularity, have 
been omitted ; and it will be the more 
readily believed, that the author admitted 
only the best and most necessary articles, 
when he declares that his materials have 
at present increased to such an extent, 
as to render the publishing of another 
volume of nearly the same size as the 
present, a matter of no great difficulty. 

The author must here express his re- 
gret, that circumstances have prevented 
his making use of a large portion of the 
very best materials ; for the publisher's 
reasonable objection was, that a further 
increase in size would oblige him to raise 
the price still more, and thus a great 
part of the public, at least the German 
public, would be prevented from purcha- 
sing so expensive a work. 

While, therefore, notwithstanding this 
impediment, the present volume contains 
at least about 135,000 articles* in the 



dlad) cincr 3*-n^tinti3, bic au§ S^JangcI iin 
Beit nur bi§ gcv^cu bie 5)cittc ticfeg QBortcv^ 
budjeS gcmad^t ircrtcn fonntc, Belauft [ub 
bic 3ii^t bcr in fcicfcr Qluflage neu f^inju- 
gcfommencneu Qtrtifcl iiBcr 40,000. @g 
iviirbc nun cine falfd)c, oBn?o()l i)on Bijgicil- 
ligcu 33eurt^cilcrn Icidjt unb gcrn angenom^ 
mcne Q(nftd;t [cin, ju gfauBcn, ba^ bc§ Q3er= 
fafferS befonbcreS 33cflrc6en gciuefcn [ci, fci= 
ncn QSorgcingcrn mit Blo^en 2B6rtcrmaffcn 
ben 3iang nBjuIaufcn; c§ finb tm ®cgcn= 
t^cil einc gro^e 3}?engc i^on ^articipien 
auf -ing unb -ed, ijon @u6ftantiycn auf 
-ness, &c., 6cm^aration§6i(bungen, bie 
nact) Bcfanntcn grammatifalifd;en ®e[e|cn 
in Inlbcn ftnb, fcf6ft menu ftc cincn©d)cin 
bcr Unregclma^igfcit fatten, wcggcfaffen 
luorben, urn und.)tigercn -^frtifcln ^Ia| ^u 
nuaitcii. 2)a bic (SanimUnigcn beg 33crfaffer§ 
gegcnwartig einen fo weiten Umfang eneic^t 
ijabnx, ba§ er fid) gfeid) an^ei[d)ig mac^en 
Bnntc, eincu jiyeiten faft eBcnfo fiarfe^n 
SBanb, al§ bcr yDvIicgeube \]x, ju ijcrojtent^ 
Iid;cn, !ann Sebcrmann iiBerjcugt fcin, baf 
cr nur baS iBefte unb am bringenbftcn 
i)]ot^wenbige aufna^m. 

^ier faun nun ber ^crfaffer nid;t uml;in 
fciu gro^cg -^Bcbaucrn baviibcr auSjubriicfcn, 
ta^ itjn bic 33er^altni[fe gwangen, cine fo 
grope SDiaffc beg f;crrlid?ftcn @to[fcg unbenu|t 
juriicfjulegen, alletn une i^m ber ^^crr 3Ser* 
leger rictitig ein^iclt, icurbc burd) ^u grofe 
5lnfd) ire Hung bag ^iid) uni^er^altnifmd^ig 
t^euer geivorben fein, iDcil ein ^'^t^eil, wenig^ 
ftcng beg beutfc^cn^u6licumg, \DirHidi ju un= 
Bemittelt ift, urn ein fo t^eureg 3[Berf ju faufen. 

2Benn balder tro^ biefer S^iucfftc^t ber bor= 
liegcnbe erfte SSanb nad; bent geringften Qtn- 
fd)lage an 135,000 QlvtiM*) auf bcm man- 



* The second edition of Webtiter contains about | 
70,000, the third (and raost recent) 85,000, which I 



number embraces the present and perfect participles »l3avticiviiiIfovmeu ^cl• vcgelniaBigen 3ettwortcv fo Jric 
of regular verbs and other almost useless grammatical 1 aiit)cic faj 



*) I>ie 5wcite3lUiHjv-ibc bc» VFeftstcr :^at in vunter 3i»f'I j 
70,000, fcic t)ritte (noiicftc) 85,000, fcic faft mtm'i^en '. 



formsj the insertion of which in my dictionary would 
have added upwards of ten thousand more articles 
to the vocabulary ; "which," to use Mr. Worcester's 



faft nu^lDfe gvammatifc{)c Sormen cingcrecl)iict, 
j^evcu 3aI)I ungcfa(}C 10,000 ?lrtifel fcctragt , „bmn 
j ?litfuafnnc alu'v," uni .'pcrrn Worcester's SBorte 511 gc-- 
i l)vaiid)eii, ,,f cu Umfang t>c^ 5Bant>e^ tetvad)tliii) xievmclu-t 



small space of 104 sheets,* ihe reason 
must be traced to the scrupulous care, 
with which space has been economized. 
Thus, to mention only one example, which 
at this moment occurs to me, tiie article 
Semi- occupies 105 lines in the second 
edition; in this, although increased by 51 
compounds, the whole has been condensed 
into 111 lines. The reader may further 
compare the compound words in After-, 
All-, Counter-, Demi-, Electro-, Non-, Out-, 
Over-, Under-, Self-, Sub- (from Sub-aiding, 
p. 1373, to Sub-worker, p. 1379), Sulpho-, 
Un-, and other articles with their com- 
pounds, with the same loosely printed ar- 
ticles in other dictionaries. 

Absolute completeness is, of course, as 
every one knows, unattainable, and even 
if attained for the moment, could be of 
no duration; since every day brings new 
discoveries and, with them, new words, 
which, every person, even of moderate ca- 
pacity, forms and adapts at his own plea- 
sure. It would, for instance, be unrea- 
sonable to expect every possible compouuil 
of Un-, as almost the whole dictionary 
would have to be repeated under this 
single article; it is, however, scarcely 
necessary to mention, that such words, 
as do not explain themselves, for instance 
Unacted Dramatists, Unbanked^. To Unbar- 
rel. To Uncalendar, Uncertificated, To Un- 
charnel, Unmarketable, Unmerchantable, 
&c., must find a place. Although, to 
mention another example, the article Steam 
is very copious and contains no less than 
82 compound words in this edition, 43 



d)om un6ci}reifiid) tidn crfdunnenten JHaume 
i^ou 104 33ok]cn *} mtijait, ]o Ikc^t I^icp in 
bcv foi\ifalti^]ftcu 0{aumcr|>arni§, \vdd)c mit 
tcr oiro^tcn ®ciui[fenl;afti^t"cit inTfoli-^t iyor= 
ten \]i; eg ninimt, um nur cin 33eifpicl, 
t)i{6 mil* gcratc ijcc^cnicarti^ ijt, ^u cnva^ncn, 
fcaS 5i3ort Semi- in fccv j^mciteuQIuflagc 105 
3ci(cn eiii, tftabcr in bcr jc^icjen, otipof;! nidu 
ircnij]cr aU 51 guteBufitnmicnfclungcn l;in= 
juc^cfitgtuiorbcn ftnb,in cineu^rttfct i:on 111 
3ei[en jufammcngcfailt worbcn. 2)?an ucr= 
cjicichc ferncr t)ic3uhininicnfc|un(^cn bei After-, 
All-, Counter-, Demi-, Electro-, Non-, Out-, 
Over-, Under-, Self-, Sub- (i^on Sub-aiding, (S. 
1373, Hy Sub-worker, 6. 1379), Sulpho-, 
Un-, ^c, mit bcnfelBen lucitlaufig cjchiicftcn 
Qlrtifcin anbcrcv ®ortcrbucIier. 

(Sine un&cbini3te Qjollftaubig^cit aba ift, 
uric Icidit Scbcr cinjie(;t, cin Unbing, unb 
miirbc, idbft warn ftc fitr ben Qtugcn6Itcf 
cvrcid^Bar ivare, i^on fcincr 2)aucr fctn fonncn, 
ba jeber %acj, neuc ©ntbcffuncjcn unb mit ben* 
fctOen viiub nciic Sorter Bringt unb jeber nur 
mittetmdf ige Mo\^\ fte i^ielfad) felBft initit ; 
eg luiirbe j. -^. cine unBitlige S'orberung fetn, 
allc mDglicbeu 3u[ammen[c|ungen mit \]n- 
im 5iIBorter6ucf)e ju fucl;cn, ba faft bag ganjc 
QBiJrterSud) unter biefem cin en teifel mte^ 
ber^^olt luerben miifte, oBwof)! audi ()icr 6e= 
beutfame 3B6rtcr, bie burd) ftc^ fe[6ft nic^t 
erftcirt unu'ben (j. 35. Unacted Dramatists, 
Unbanked, To Unbarrel, To Uncalendar, Un- 
certificated, To Uncharnel, Unmarketable, Un- 
i merchantable, &c.), il^rc (Stellc ftnben mii[= 
fen; ohrof;!, um ein anbereg 3?ei]>ie{ auju* 
fiibren, ber'JfrtiM Steam ciiipcrft yoUftdnbig 
ijt (er 5d()lt in biefcr 5luf{agc S2 3ufammcn= 
I fefeungen, 43 mcf^ralg in bcr jwcitenQhiflage), 



words, "would have considerably increased the size 'j Ijabeit iviirtc , o[)ue fciucu inncm SBcvt^ ivcfcutlic^ ju 



of the volume, without materially increasing its va- 
lue." (Compare Statement of the contents of the 
respective English Dictionaries, p. XI and XII). 
* By a scarcely perceptible enlargement of the 



cvr)6I)cn." (a5cvglciri}0 tic Uclicrfidjtgtabclle ber lunfc^ic^ 
t^cncii cnglifdjcu 9Eiu-tertnicljev, <S. XI unt> XII). 

*) 3^uid) ciiic acvingc aJcrjroBcvitiuj tci^ gormatc'? 



size of the present edition, 5 'A sjieets were gained Ij bci ticfcv 5litfla9c ipiivlieu S'/i 3?0(}cn gcgcn tic 
upon the second edition, so that llie whole number j jivcitc ^liifla^c gcanimieu , I'o t>a§ tic ^Bogcnjahl in 
of sheets, given in this, amounts to 2 5 '/a •sheets more I ticfcv 3luf(a)}c tic tcv rovigcu imi 25 '/a ffipgcn \\hix-- 
than contained in the second edition. |i ftcigt. 



VI 



more than in the second edition , yet I 
could not think of swelling it with such 
self-explaining words as steam-balloon, 
steam-clipper, steam-excursion, steam-funnel, 
steam-gig, steam-organ, steam-propeller, 
steam-yacht, &c.* Of what has been done in 
this respect, I must leave those to judge, who 
explore the immense field of English lite- 
rature, whether engaged in scientific re- 
searches, or desirous of diving only into the 
mysteries of Punch,** or similar publications. 
Next to completeness of vocabulary, as 
far as it could be attained, it was the 
author's unceasing endeavour to enhance 
the intrinsic value of the work, to cor- 
rect mistakes, which had sometimes run 
through whole generations of otherwise 
good, sometimes even the best dictiona- 
ries, and particularly to infuse a little 
more order into the "rudis indigeslaque 
moles" of the meanings of words. What 
has been done in this respect, where 
even the best authorities*** were not al- 
ways to be depended upon, may be par- 
tially seen by the preface to the second 
edition, and by reference to such words as 



^abt ic^ i^n bod;ni.^tmit3wf<itnntenfe|unc}en, 
\vk steam-balloon, steam-clipper, steam-ex- 
cursion, steam-funnel, steam-gig, steam-organ, 
steam-propeller, steam-yacht, &c. iiberlaben 
fonnen.*) 3Ba§ in biefcrSSejie^ung gcleiftet 
roorbcn ift, miiffcn bie Beutt^eilcn, uiclcf)c 
bag unevme^lidie ^elb bcr cnglifc^en ^iteratur 
gcnauer burdjforfc^en , fet e§ nun, bag fie 
irgenb tin tt)tffenfd;afflid)c§ ffiScr! ober auc^ 
nur bic ©c^eimniffe beg Punch **) ober d:^n= 
Itdje ©f^riften ftd; ju erfd)lief en 6emii:^t jtnb. 
9^ad)ft ber ntogIid;ften 3SoUftdnbig!eit 
mar ber SScrfaffer raftlog Bemii^t, ben 
©c^alt feineg ffierfeg ju ert;6:^en, ^e^ler, 
bie bard) ganje ©enevationen tion [onfi 
guten unb ben 6eften SBorterBu^ern ge= 
laufen u^aren, enbli(^ ju t)cr6effern, na= 
nientltd) in bie rudis indigeslaque moles 
ber 2Bort6ebeutungen einen Beffercn inne= 
ren 3u[^intmen()ang ju Bringen. SBag 
f)iertn ge[d;e^en iji, unb ipie l^iertn fel6ft 
bie Beften *2lutoritdten ***) ntd;t immer ^u= 
ijerldfftg finb, bariiber i:ergleid;e man bie 
33otrebe jur iwdtm Qluflage unb Qlrtifel 
mie Malicho, Mantiger, Scolopendra, Spring, 
Splayfooted, Surloin, Victoria water-lily 



* Those who look for explanations of words as 
given in the following small specimen, will, therefore, 
find it excusable, when the author refers them to 
their own resources to find out the proper sense 
from the matter presented. E. q. Miniminess {Bp. 
Aiidrewes), Wine-shed [Smollett, analogous to blood- 
shed), Impecuniosity {Sir W. Scott), Hidalgoish {Disraeli 
— Tancred), having guanoed her mind by reading 
French novels {Disraeli, ib.), Flimkeyism and Valet- 
hood (both used by Carlyle in the sense of Servility), 
Englishness {James), Connoisseiirish {James), Tenantl- 
cide {Mrs. Gore), Justifiability {the same), Haggisland 
[Punch, for Scotland ; compare Haggess, &c.), &c. 

** The wittiest and most ingenious periodical 
publication of the known world, edited by the highly 
gifted Douglas Jerrold, Esq. 

*** For the works, from which aid has been de- 
rived in the preparation of this work , I refer to 
the prefaces of the first and second edition. Be- 
sides those mentioned there, and under No. Ill of 
the abbreviations, the following books have occa- 
sionally been consulted : — W. M. Buchanan's Tech- 
nological Dictionary, the German Encyclopedias of 
Ersch ^ Gruber, Picrer, %-c., tiic latter part of Wor- 
cester's excellent Universal Dictionary , Knowles''s 
Tronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary, &c. 



*) gvcilict) uicrbeu fie c§ baim cittfifjitltiigcn^ wenn 
fie tier aJcvfaffcr auf ben ticvcitg vovlie^citbeu ©toff iicr= 
weift, urn ficf) ?liisl)vucfe , wie bie folgenben , felbft ju 
evniircn : — Miniminess {Bp. Andrewes) ; Wine-shed 
{Smollett, analog ntit blood-shed); Impecuniosity 
(Sir W. Scott); Hidalgoish {Disraeli — Tancred); 
having guanoed her mind by reading French novels 
{Disraeli, ib.) ; Flimkeyism unb Valet-hood (beibc »ou 
Carlyle in Urn <BimK ■oon Servility gel^raufljt) ; English- 
ness {James); Connoisseiirish {James); Tenanticide 
(Mrs. Gore); Justifiability (©icfelbe) ; Haggisland 
(PM?zc/i fiir Sd}Ottranb ; c/'. Haggess, &c.); Europeanised 
countries {Eothen), &c. 

**) ©ev geiftreid)ften unb itii^tgftcn Seitfc^rtft beu 
tofanuten SSelt , bevcn O^cbacteur bci gcniale Douglas 
Jerrold, Esq. ift. 

***) Ucder bie 6ei ScavSeituug biefe^ SBerfeg benu^teu 
Cinellcn, rergtciclie bie 23ovi-eben pv erften unb jweiteu 
?luflage. 3(n§ci: ben bort (unb 6ei bem a^evjcidjni^ ber 
gitfiirjungcu. III.) angcfiifirten aScvfen fmb tefonbevS 
nod) W. M. Buchanwri's Technological Dictionary, bic 
beutfcfjen (Sucijcfopiibien »on (S v f ^ unb ® v u 6 c r, 
*:)3tcrev, jc. mxl im le^ten Sfjeile ba^s trefflti^c Uni- 
versal Dictionary von Worcester, Knoivles's Pro- 
nouncing and Explanatory Dictionary, &c. fccnu^t 
n) orb en. 



VI r 



Malicho,Mantiger, Scolopendra, Spring, Splay- 
fooled, Surloin, Victoria water-lily and many 
others, which cannot be enumerated here. 

In arranging the meaning of such words 
as those just mentioned, the author is fully 
aware, that his work has not yet reached 
that state of perfection desired by him, 
and cannot possibly do so, until English 
Etymology , at present in a very de- 
fective slate, has made considerable pro- 
gress; very often indeed when it would 
be of the greatest utility, it either aban- 
dons the student entirely, or leads him 
frequently, like the great Webster, Adol- 
phus Wagner, &c. into oriental dreams 
or such absurdities as, for instance, the 
derivation of the interjection "alack'' from 
the Persian word halaka (destruction)! a 
discovery, which delighted a deep searching 
German Etymologist of the day so much, that 
he forthwith copied it into the first part 
(1845) of an English and German Dictionary, 
the remainder of which, however, has not 
as yet made its appearance. 

With regard to orthoepy, the author has 
made the arrangement, that every word of 
various or disputed pronunciation is followed 
by the authorities for the different modes, 
so that such censures as the author had to 
repel in the preface to the second edition, 
can henceforth have no foundation. It is, 
however, my duty to observe,that my honoured 
friend J. E. Worcester, Esq. has, in his 
excellent little Comprehensive and Pronoun- 
cing Dictionary, Boston, 1830, been my pre- 
decessor in this arrangement, although he 
could not, at that time, consult what has since 
become the principal authority in matters of 
English orthoepy: — Smarts "Walker Remo-: 
delled." This orlhoepist, as well as some 
others, not consulted by him, I frequently 
took occasion to quote in the second edition 
of my work, still more so in the present, and 
it is, with great satisfaction, that I here 
acknowledge the many excellences of Mr. I 



unb t)iclc anbere, bie ^ier nicf;t aufgcjcif;^ 
mcrbcn fonncn. 

®ag bie cbcnUxix^xk SSegripanorbnung 
betrffft, fo fu:^lt ber 33crfaffcr fe^r mo^I, 
ba^' fcin 2Bcr! feincgwcgg ben eru^un[cl;tcn 
®rab ber 33otlfonimeni^ett erreicf)t ^a6e ober 
aBgefdjloffen fei, and) nidjt e^er aBgefc^loffen 
tt)erben fonne, aU 6ta bk englifc^e ©ti^mo= 
togie, bie nod) fe^r im Qlrgen liegt, ju 6cf* 
ferem 3Bad;§t^um gebic^en fcin n?irb; ba 
wo fie am Brau(^)Barften ti?dre, berld^t fte 
cntmeber ben ^orfdier ober fii^rt ii)n ofterS, 
\vk ben gro^cn Webster, Qlbol^:^ 3Sag= 
ner, jc. in oricntalifdje S^rdumercien ober 
fold)e QI6furbibdtcn \vk j. 93. bie 5l6kitung 
ber interjection alack i^om ^erftfd;en halaka 
(Q3crber6en)I wa^ jebocf) ber neuefte beut= 
fc&e „quetlcnforfcI)enbe" ©t^molog ganj 
nacfi feinem ©aumen ftnbet unb in bag 
erfle «§cft (1845) eineS engtifd) = beutfd;en 
2B6rterBud;cS — beffen ^ortfe|ung jeboc^ 
big ic|t nid;t erfd;ienen ift — flugg unb 
fro^lid) aBfc^reiBt. 

9©ag bie Ortl^oe^ie Betrifft, fo ^at ber 
33crfaffer (;inter iebem i^on ber allgemeincn 
Q(u§f:pra(^e aBtrcidjcnben QSorte bie s:erfd;ie= 
benen Q(u§f^rac{)cangaBen ber englifd;en Or= 
tt;oe^iftcn gefefet, fo bag ^Ingriffe, nne fte 
ber 3Serfaffer in ber 3Sorrebe gur ^meiten 
^luflage bicfeg QBerfcg c^^n\vc^xm l)ntk, 
feinen 33oben me^r ^abm, (§:§ ift meine 
^flicBt ju enrd^nen, baf mir l^icrin mein 
gee^rtcr greunb J. E. Worcester, Esq. in 
feinem treffUdjcn !teinen Comprehensive and 
Pronouncing Dictionary, Boston, 1830, lior= 
angegangen ift, woxin cr icbod; bie j;c§t im= 
mer allgcmeincr anerfannte ^au^tquelle fiir 
englifd)c Qtugf^^rac^e Smart's Walker Re- 
modelled, fo \vk ctnige anbere Ortt;oepiften 
nidjt 6enu|t ^attc , wddjz id) fd;on in ber 
jttjcitcn 5(uflage, nod; unnt I;dufigcr in ber 
ieljigen gu citircn ©etegcn^eit nai)m; in 
biefer, \m Bcfonberg and; in V-f;itotogifd;cr 
^injtc^t ftci)t bag QBerf beg tiid;tigcn 



VIII 



Smart's work, which does not only, as a pro- 
nouncing ilictionary,but also, in other respects, 
far surpass the works of other English or- 
thoepistSjWho, however, also deserve notice, 
particularly iTnoit'Zes. This method of exhibit- 
ing the pronunciation of English words, as 
adopted by the different orthoepists, seems, 
in the author's opinion, to constitute a decided 
advantage in his dictionary over works of a 
similar nature.* The reader, by this means, 
is, at once, made acquainted with the different 
opinions of all the most eminent English wri- 
ters on the subject, and is thus enabled to form 
his own decision on the different modes 
of pronunciation, without being compelled 
to the circuitous and moreover expensive 
course of consulting the many original works 
on orthoepy. In this and similar respects com- 
pare f. i. such words as Aerie, Aeromancy, 
Cachexy, Chamois, Champaign, Connoisseur, 
Environs, Inimical, Legate, Legend, Mantua, 
Monsieur,Obdurate, Pasty, Patent, Pedal, Peon, 
Phalanx, Betro-, with its compounds. Shire, 
Sinister, Siren, Sirrah, Smithy, Soot, Tho- 
maean, Thomaism, &c., Uphers, Uphroe, Va- 
ginal, Violoncello, Worsted, Wrath, Wreath, 
Xebec, Yacht, Yeoman, Yolk, Zechin, &c. 

Regarding grammar, the author has, as 
fully as possible, given the grammatical 
forms and inflections of words; compare 
f. i. Beau, Cyclops, Genius, Index, Ignis fatuus. 
Iris, Phalanx, Sphinx, Soprano, Stamen, 
Stoma, Termes, Terminus, Vagina, Varix, 
Wharf, &c. with their plurals; so the 
difl'erent pronouns, &c. compare He, She 
(also Ship), Her, His, &c. ; the predicates, 
titles, &;c. as Esquire, Sir, and others, 
mostly to be found in the abbreviations 
preceding each letter; these abbreviations, 
however copious in the former editions. 



Smart ireit it6cr benen anberer engtifi^en 
Crt^oe^ifleit, bie jebocfi, Befonber^ Knowles, 
unb Qtnbere, an^ 93erii(Jfi^tigung ijerbicnen. 
Qluf foI(^e 2Qeife Qob ber 3Serfaffer feincm 
^oxUxhudjt einen grof en 33orjug ijor alien 
3Ser!en d^nlic^er Qlrt, *) inbem ber !i^efer 
in ivid^tigen i^allen fogleic^ ben X^atBe- 
ftanb liBerfe^en fann unb bie Qlutoritdten, 
bie baa meifte dtec^t ^a6en ge^ott ju 
\t)erbett, in ii^ren oft merfiDiirbigen gegen* 
feitigctt Qlbmei(f)ungen o^ne njeitldufigeg 
S'^adjfdjlagen in ben Originalen, bie o^ne= 
bieS ^iemlic^ t^euer jtnb , fennen lernt. 
Ueber biefe unb d^nlic^e ^unfte uergleic^e 
man j. 95. fold;e SSorter, \vk: Aerie, 
Aeromancy, Cachexy, Chamois, Champaign, 
Connoisseur, Environs, Inimical, Legate, 
Legend, Mantua, Monsieur, Obdurate, Pasty, 
Patent, Pedal, Peon, Phalanx, Retro -, mit 
feinen 3ufammenfe|ungen, Shire, Sinister, 
Siren, Sirrah, Smithy, Soot, Thomae- 
an, Thomaism, &c., Uphers, Uphroe, 
Vaginal, Violoncello, Worsted, Wrath, 
Wreath, Xebec, Yacht, Yeoman, Yolk, 
Zechin, &c. 



323ag ferner bie grammatifc^e ^tiU beS 
Serfea an^elangt, f)at ber 9Serfaffer bie 
moglicl)fte QSoUftdnbigfeit in ber 5lnga6e ab^ 
weic^enber f^ormen ju er^ielen gefud;t. Wtan 
bergleic^e j. 95. Shorter \vk Beau, Cyclops, Ge- 
nius, Index, Ignis fatuus. Iris, Phalanx, Sphinx, 
Soprano, Stamen, Stoma, Termes, Terminus, 
Vagina, Varix, Wharf, &c. mit i^ren *4Jtura= 
leU; auc^ bie ijerf^iebenen i5ui^wi)rter, jc. 
i?gl. He, She (auc^ Ship), Her, His, &c. ; bef gl. 
bie ^rdbifate, ^itel, Jc. mie Esquire, Sir, 6ef, 
unter ben einem jeben a5ud;fta6en i?orange= 
^enben ^IBfiirjungcn, wMjt eknfallg ofcgleic^ 



* Some of them , strangely professing, on title- 
pages or in iii'ospectuscs, to have availed themselves 
of the most recent and best orthoepic works, although 
perhaps knowing scarcely any thing more than the 
names of their aulhors. 



*) ©ie iwax aiif bent Sitel ober im *)3rofpcctu§ bie 
ueueftcu unb »oi'jugIicf)fteit Dvtf)oei?ird)eu aBcrfc bcmt^t 
ju ijabtn tJorgcbcn , xnelleirljt abcu lamn eiwai vxc^t 
aH ben iRamcn iljvev aSevfaffer tcnncn. 



IX 



have also been greatly augmented in the 
present edition; likewise the notes added 
to articles as: — Comfortable (or words 
like Home-sickness = Nostalgy; Spleen; 
Thugs, &c.) , Ermine (Meniver) , Method, 
To Mutiny, Sledge, Smithy, Soldering, 
Soldier, Spring, Toast, Vast, Ye, You, 
Thou, Their, There, That, The, To, «S:c.; 
the prepositions generally following cer- 
tain verbs, substantives, adjectives, &c. 
have al^o been specified throughout the 
whole work, and although Wehsler and 
others have indeed done much in this 
respect, still completeness has not been 
attained. 

These and many other improvements 
are dispersed throughout the work, and 
those who have taken the pains to follow 
the changes which it has undergone since 
its first appearance, will be aware, that 
the author has never ceased to improve 
it as time rendered it necessary and cir- 
cumstances permitted. 

There does not, perhaps, exist any 
undertaking, — to use the words of the 
venerable Heinsius, — which requires 
more time, patience, minute attention, 
toil and energy, than the preparation of 
a dictionary of any extent, and on this 
very account omissions, errors and minor 
oversights will appear unavoidable to him, 
who has derived his knowledge of this 
kind of labour from practical experience. 

Thus, when the toil is at an end, 
inadvertencies not unfrequently strike the 
author's eye, without his being able to account 
for their origin; f.i. as a second meaning 
of Micrometer a definition of Microcosm 
will be found. This had its origin in a 
typographical error in Crahhe, by which 
the word Microcosm is entirely omitted 
and its definition placed in a second or 
separate article of Micrometer. 



jic in fccn frit^crcn QtujTagcn in grower Jl5oU= 
ftcinbigfcit angcgcl)en umrcn, aud; in btefer 
^uflagc nod; Bcbcutcnb i?crme^rt u^orbenfinb; 
eBcnfo bic Qlnmerfuugen, bic einjetnen ^rti* 
fcin 6cigcge6cn finb, ane 6ci Comfortable 
(obcr SBorter unc Home-sickness = Nos- 
talgy ; Spleen ; Thugs, &c.), Ermine (3Ieniver), 
Method, To Mutiny, Sledge, Smithy, Solder- 
ing, Soldier, Spring, Toast, Vast, Ye, You, 
Thou, Their, There, That, The, To, &c.; 
fcrner ift auf bie genauc ^ngaSc bcr mit ge= 
iDiffcn33cr6en, <Su6ftantiiien,Qlbjectii3en,2c. jtc^ 
goDo^nlid) ijerbinbcuben ^^va^ofttionen burd)= 
gdngig Oiiicfftc^t gcnommen iDorben; in biefer 
«i&infid;t fatten Webster u. %. Sert^ijoKeg, 
\Dcnn audi nid;t 33DUftanbicjcS gclciftet. 

^icfe unb i^telc anbere 93erBefferungen finb 
im ganjen 2Qer!e jcrftreut ju finbcn unb baf; 
ber 33erfaffer fc nad) 6eften ^rciften bie Qluf= 
gaSe bcrBcit ^u tofen 6emii^t gemefen ift, 
wirb bcr am Beften Seurt^ei(cn fonnen, wcU 
d)er ben 3Seranberungen gcfolgt ift, bie feit 
bent erftcn ©rfd)einen biefeg SOBerfeg, baa= 
fcI6e betroffen :^a6en. 

@S giebt uietlei^t faum nocb ein Unterne^= 
men, — um bie 2Borte be6 c^mitrbigen 
^einfiug ju geBraudjen, — iveldjeS me^r 
3e(t, ©ebulb, 5lufmertfamfeit, ^ht)c unb 
.^raft foftet, aU bie ^ugarbeitung eineg2Bor= 
ter6ud;eS i:on foId)em Umfange, unb eben 
barum \t)erben 5lu§laffungen, 3rrungen unb 
Heinere ^Serfei^eu bemjenigen (lU unt)ermeib= 
lid) erfc^eincn, ber einen ©rfaf^runggfeegriff 
ijon einer foldien ^iBeit ^at. 

9)?an($e i^e^ler entbecfen fict) fpcitev bent 
5luge, o:^ne ba^ man meij^, \vk jte entftan- 
ben jittb. (So ift unter Micrometer aU ^wd^ 
ter 33egriff eine ^rfldrung be§ Crabbe ge* 
f ommen, bie ojfenbar auf einem 3)ruc!fe:^rer 
ientg 2Berfea beru^t unb jic^ auf bag bort 
fe^Ienbe Microcosm 6ejiet;t; bag SBort ftel^t 
jeboc^, auc^ in biefem (Sinne, in gel^origer 
atip^abetifdjcv Drbnung. 



It is this consciousness, Ihat it is im- 
possible to escape mistakes, particularly 
in a work like the present, executed under 
an intense pressure of continually increa- 
sing official duties and widely spreading 
intercourse abroad, in consuming nights of 
pain and during repeated attacks of ill- 
ness* — it is this consciousness, I say, 
which proves a considerable drawback to 
the satisfaction derived from the very fa- 
vourable reception the work has met with 
Not without some apprehension there- 
fore, did I hear, about seven years ago 
that an immensely "improved" edition of 
my diclionary , regarded by the improvers 
notwithstanding as the best work for their 
purposes, would soon be published in 
England. The work appeared: — To my 
utter astonishment I perceived that not the 
least alteration had been attempted, ex- 
cept in the omission of the pronunciation 
and the striking out of a great quantity 
of good and useful words; this the pla- 
giarists called "adaptation to the wants of 
the English student.'' The history of this 
shameful treatment has been given in my 
little pamphlet: — 
"^iterarifc^e <Bi}m)(>at'i)im ober iubuftricUc 
a3ud;mac()crei. ©in 33eitrag jitr ®c[c^td;te 
ber ncueren englifd;en ^ctifogra^!)ie , jc. 
neBft etnem SSormorte uon bem G^omt^ur, jc. 
q}rof. Dr. ©ottfricb Hermann, 1843" 
page 32 et seqq.; here I have only to 
deal, as briefly as possible, with the 
manner in which these "improvers" have 
treated my work. Previously, however, 
I will repeat, that, whatever sentence 
may be passed upon the reprint itself, 
Messrs. Feiling & Heimann, as well as 
the publishers Whiltaker & Co. have been 
guilty of a base and delil)erate fraud in 



©6 ift biefeg 35emugtfetn, bag eg unmog= 
lic^ ift, cingclnen %^i)Uxn ju cntge'^en, jumat 
ipenn ein 5Berf, wit baS i?orIiegenbe, unter 
bcm eifernften ^rucfe ijon aujen — burcl; 
forttt)d^reub gefleigerte Q(mt§gcf(J)dftc unb 
mcitijer^weigte ^erSinbungen — unb in 
geift- unb for^erijer^el^renben dla^Un be§ 
,tummer§ unb iriebcr^olter ,^ranf^eit0an= 
fdtle entftc:^t,* \va^ bie 5*reube ii6er bie 
[o du^erft gi'mfttge Qhifna^me beffelBen 
triiSt. 

3(J) wax ba^cr ni^t o^ne SSeforgnif, aU 
id; i»or ungcfd^r fJeben ^ai)xm sjerna^m, bag 
eine unenblid) ijerScfferte Qlu^gabe met= 
neg SBorterBudjeg, wa^ man jebod; 
immer nod; ci(6 ba§ Ijefte an^ufe^en ftd; ^er- 
afegelaffen :^atte, 6alb in ©nglanb bem ^nUU 
cum iibergefeen ti^erben iDiirbe: — bag ffier! 
erfdjten, id; [af) §u meincm ©rftautten, baf 
ntc&t bie geringftc 3Scrdnberung borgenommen 
wax, aufer im SBeglaffen ber Q(u§f:prad)e 
unb (Streic^en einer grojen 2J?enge guter, 
n3ert(;i3Dl(er ^rtifcl, wa^ ijon ben ^tagiarten 
"adaptation to the wants of the English 
student" genannt murbe. 2)ie dufere ®e= 
[d)id;te biefer SiZiditSn^itrbigfeit ift au6fii^r= 
lid) in meinet flcinen (©c^rift: — 
„^iterartf^e @^m^att^ien ober inbuftrielle 
93ud)mac^erei. (Sin QSeitrag ^ur ®e[d;i(^te 
ber ncueren englifc^en ^erifograip^ie, k. 
ncBft einem 33ormorte t)on bem Somt^ur, jc. 
^rof. Dr. ©ottfrieb Hermann, 1843" 
©cite 32 ff. gegeOen; t)ier t)abc ic^ nur, 
unb p)ax furj, ijon ber %xt unb SSeife ju 
:^anbeln, wk bie fauBern <§erren nteine 
QlrBeit gu iDiirbigen unb ^u „t)er6effern" i^er^ 
ftanben. 3uS3or iDicber^ole id; nodjmalg, 
baf, ipclc{)e§ Urt^eil a\i^ iitcr ben i?erftiun= 
meltcn ^ilac^brucf [cl6ft gcfdllt merben mag, 
bie ^errcn Veiling unb^eimann, foirie 
bie 33er(eger Whittakcr & Co. jtcf) cincg 



* Through these coinhiued circumstances the ap- 
pearance of the work has been retarded. — The 
completion of the present edition required the time 
of seven years and two months. 



* ©iefcn a3crl)altiu|'fen ift e^ aiic^ sitjufdji-cibeii, tm^ 
t)a» SBcvf nicl}t fvul^cf cifdjcincii fomitc. ■ — @g crfor= 
berte bie *-8cai'6eitung Mefei- ?(ufla9c ciiieii Bcitraum won 
ficben 3at;i"cn iinl) jivei Sioiiaten. 



XI 



prefixing my name to the German and 
English part of their publication, and treat- 
ing me as the author of the second part in 
their preface, although I had as little share 
in the original, as in the reprint of it, as 
the title distinctly states; and all this was 
done, nolwilhstanding my solemn and un- 
equivocal proleslalion, which I sent lo them 
on the 6lh of July* 1841 — before 
the appearance of their reprint. — On 
the second part of their publication I have 
nothing more to say: — my only task 
now is to prove, that their English part, 
so far from containing any additions, at 
least any worthy of the name, or any 
alterations properly so called, is with 
the exception of what has been omitted 
altogether, a servile reprint of the second 
edition of my dictionary. This is already 
apparent from the fact that they have copied 
even the misprints and errors of my second 
edition : some of these were indeed so stri- 
king that a cunning copyist, in correcting 



ganj niebrigcn unb luiffcntlid^cn 33e= 
txuc\& baburd; fcl)utbig gcnuidit Ijabm, ba$ 
jtc ni cine ii OJamcn, t r o | mei n e r f e i c r= 
U cT; c n u n b u n 5 m c i b c u t i g c n ^ r 1 e ft a= 
tion, wddjc id; i^ncn am 6.3 u H*) 1841 
(ii D r b e m (£ r f d; c { n c n b c g OZ a d) b r u cf e g) 
jufdjicfte, bcnnod) in if^rcr ^i^orrcbe gemi§* 
braud)t fomic bcm bcut[d;en 3^^cil i(;rcg 
9'kd)brucfcg iiorangcfc^t i)abcn,an tDctd)em id) 
tm Original (wie ber S^itel beutlic^ 
6cfagt) cben [o mcnig Xf)nl :^aSe, aU an 
bem 9lad;brucfe feI6ft. UcBer bicfc ^artie i^rer 
Qlr6cit (namlid) ben beut[d}cn X()ci() ^aBc 
id) nid;t§ me^r ju Bcmcrfcn; id; will ^tt 
nur in allcr t^iirje Be\rci[cn, baf \i)x eng= 
li[cf)er X^ctl nid;t nur fcincBuf^^^ cntl)alt, 
— iDcntgftcng feine folchc, bie biefen 0]amen 
tt)irflid; i^crbicnen, — fonbern and) feine 
eigcntlid;en Qtenbcrungen, i?telme^r (mit Qlug- 
na^^me be§ ganj SSeggclaffenen) fclamfd;er 
5l6brucf metneS SScrfeS i\t, \vk fd)on an^ 
me^reren, jum 3^^eil Ui^t ju erfennenben 
2)rucf= unb [onfttgcn ^-e^lcrn ber jweiten 



* This letter was written on tlie same day on wbich 
Iheir prospectus liad been received by my publisher 
from the originator of the reprint A/e:c«nderB/f/cfe, Esq. 
(foreign bookseller to Her Majesty). This prospectus 
was enclosed in an envelope containing the words : 
— "With Messrs. Black %- Armstroiufs compliments. 
London, June 8. 1841.'" — About six years previous 
an offer had been made by the same Arm to a re- 
spectable literary gentleman (Dr. W'. S.), now living at 
Dresden, to spoil my dictionary for them, who however 
declined it (compare „Sitevavifcl)e<gi)mvat^ieu,'" p. 33). 



*) 3Ut tiemiclbcn Jvigc, an tt)eld)cm mciit 2?erlcger von 
t)cm iiv|>ruiigUd}cn 23cranftalter t)c6 DJad)bvu(fc'3 ^cvvu 
§ u f b u d) I) ii u b I e r Alexander Black ifircn ^rofvectu^ 
cv[}iclt, mit folgenticu SBorten im Umfc^Iage : — "With 
Messrs. Black 8f Annstro7ig''s compliments. London, 
June 8. 1841." — Uugcfal^r fcc^ji 3af}rc frul}Ci- roitvbe 
uon bciicltuni givma einmi art)tbavcu ®d)riftftellcr (.'prn. 
Dr. 2B. ©.), ivcld}er gcgcntvavtig in iCrc^bcit Ubt , tin 
5Uifinnen gemadjt, mein aBin-terfiud) fitr fte 511 vcvl)un3cu, 
rpdd}cg tierfellie jcDod) ablctjntc (vcrgleic^e „2ttcvarifd}e 
(2pmpatl;ieu/' ©.33). 

It may perhaps be as well to give the main substance of my letter to the publishers, viz. 
"In an advertisement that came to my hands this day announcing to the public a greally improved 
reprint of my English and German Dictionary, I find that my work and my name have been most vilely 
dealt with, in a language hurtful to me in the extreme. I omit however any further remark for the pre- 
sent, until those improvements become visible to me; yet I do not hesitate to observe that the improve- 
ments / thought fit my work should undergo for this time , will soon appear in a third edition ," &c. 
"As to the German and English part which in your advertisement has been fathered upon me , I must 
earnestly request you to strike off my name from the thle to that part. The compiler of that German 
and English Dictionary is named as the title expresses in plain characters," &c. Further: — "I appeal 
to your own sense of rectitude and to that of the remodelers of the publication you advertised not to go 
so far as to have my name held up to the public any further in the disdainful manner as you have done 
in your advertisement, it is more than 1 should be willing to bear. I omit to say anything now on the 
spoliation and the ill usage of my work, but I wiU state to you, that a great portion of my life has been 
devoted with delight and unwearied application to the very painful labours of Lexicography, &c., and in 
the pursuit of which I have not only spent a fortune but my faculties mental and physical have ever 
been on the stretch under great resignations in these researches. All this I have willingly sacrificed; 
but more I will not sacrifice. I solemnly protest that I ivill not suffer my name to be abused publicly; 
you will theraforc blot it out from a work to which you have spuriously assumed it. I hope that you 
will do justice to my request and see that I may not be handled too roughly to prevent very unpleasant 
consequences ; depend on it, I shall deal as I am dealt by" &c. F. 



XII 



them, might have availed himself of them for a 
cloak of some originality ; f. i. under the word 
Leaf Ophyrs had by mistake been printed 
instead of Ophrys, under Wedge-shell, tie 
(Sumpfmufd)el, * instead of @tum^fmufd)cl, 
Widow-tail had been confounded (after 
Nemnich) with Widow-w^ail, Wood-digger 
with Wood-dipper; under To Piddle: 6ei 
(instead of in) fleinen SSiffen effen; under 
To Transmigrate, To Pimp: v. a. instead 
of V. n. ; To Trespass is a verb neuter, as 
would have been evident to any one taking 
sufficient pains to read the article through, 
notwithstanding my accomplished "impro- 
vers" did not please to remove these errors. 
The w^ords Readily and Quaere {I ! ) had been 
strangely enough designated as adj.; Salt-rub 
instead of Salt-tub, Trenclier-plough instead 
of Trench-plough, To be the Inly of one's 
heart instead of Inmate, which passed over 
through some mistake from the succeeding 
word; mere oversights in the correction of 
the press; all this did not give the least 
offence to these first-rate lexicographers, 
who would fain play the purists; that is, when 
Mr. O.xenford guides their pen. The two 
examples which follow are even more 
amusing and demonstrative of the "careful 
attention" with which they copied my work ; 
in the translation of the words Undiscording, 
Untroubled the negative (nidjt) had been 
left out before un^^armontfd; and unru(;tg, 
so that the explanation became exactly the 
reverse of what it was intended to express : 
Messrs. Feiling-Heimann, evidently, much 
^'addicli'^ to the "jurare in verba magislrV' 
copy the whole of it in blind faith. 

By some mistake, which, indeed, is 
quite inexplicable to me, an explanation 
of Slavi as an old German (!) people 
had crept into my work from one of the 
many hundred different sources, of which 
I made use in preparing my work, a capital 



Qluflage mcineg 5Bortcr6ud)eg cmeisli^ tft, 
beren QSerfiefferung auf erft na^e tag unb ijon 
eincm fd)laucreii -^(uSfd;reiber umrbe benu|t 
tvorben fetn, urn jtcb tvcntgftenS einen f(^i»a= 
dm\ @(^ein bon Originalitdt ju geben ; §. 95. 
untcr Leaf :^atte bie jmeite Qluftagc meineS 
9Berfc§ Ophyrs ftatt Ophrys, unter Wedge- 
shell, bie (Sumpfmufcbel* ftatt bie @tum^f= 
ntufd)el; Widow-tail wax (nad) S^emnic^) 
niit Widow-wail, Wood-digger mit Wood- 
dipper i3erwect)fe(t worben; unter To Piddle 
6ei (jlatt in) fleinen 93iffen effen, bei To 
Transmigrate, eBenfo Bei To Pimp ftanb 
V. a. ftatt V. n. ; To Trespass ift natiirlid) 
ein neutrum, \vk Sebem an^ bem gansen 
^2lrtifet :^inlang(idi er^etlen muf, bennoc^ 
f)at e§ meinen „33erBeffereru" nid^t gefatlen, 
biefe 3rrt()iimer §u Befeitigen; eknfomenig 
ba§ adj., \va^ ftd; fonberbarer 2Beife bei 
Readily unb Quaere ( I ! ) eingefd)(id)ett l^attc; 
Salt-rub, ftatt Salt-tub; Trencher-plough, 
ftatt Trench-plough; To be the Inly of 
one's heart, ftatt Inmate, UH'(d)c6 irrt^iim^^ 
nd;er SSeife tjon bem folgenben QBorte ju 
Inly iiterging; Bto^e SorrecturJ^erfei^en in 
meiner jweiten ^tuflage warcn ben 2^ufter= 
^exifograp^en, bie anbemcirtg (menu ii^nen 
^err Oxenford bie ^eber fitftrt) bie (Siprac^* 
^Mften fpiefen moditcn, ganj unanftofigj 
Bei Undiscording t»ar i?or „un^armonif^" 
leiber baS 5,nid)t" au^gefatlen (ebenfo Bei 
Untroubled), fo ba^ bie (Srftdrung gerabe 
bag ®egent:^eil ijon bem Befagte, irag fte an= 
^eigeu foUte: «§erren Veiling ^^eimantt, 
offenBar bent jurare inverba magistri nod) 
jiemlid; addicti, cc^iren bie^ auf^^reu unb 
(SlauBen. 

@o ^atte ftc^ auf eine mir fcig jei^t nod; 
faum er!Idrtid;e S^Oeife au§ cinem ber ijielen 
:^unbert tson mir benu^ten, oft ^od;ft i)erfd;ie= 
benartigcn 5Bevfen Bci Slavi, bie ©rfldrung nn 
alteg b c u t f d; e S ^^ol! (1) cingefdilidjen, luorati 
benn bie jwei „ eminent en" 3)eutfc{)ett 



Copied also by tlilpeit, Grieb, Tliieme, §-c. IJ *).^il jj crt, ® lie b, I Ij i cm c,k. copirteu ticS cbcnfaUI. 



XIII 



mistake which, Iiowever, the two "eminent" 
Germans, and Mr. John Ox en ford "whose 
cooperation has been essentially useful in 
the improvement of the English-German part," 
did not consider worthy of correction ; what 
would Wends, Poles, Russians, Bohemians, 
&;c. think of such a definition? 

This may suffice to show that, as in 
every lexicographical work of any extent, 
there were in my w^ork some of those 
errors, which may easily escape an author's 
eye, especially when a publication is hur- 
ried through the press, as was the case 
with the former editions, the author 
being engaged on other works at the 
same time. 

But the fact that these things could es- 
cape those persons, whose greatest desire 
was to extol their improvements and depre- 
ciate my labours, as far as compatible with 
their own interest, will of itself give s'ome 
idea to the unprejudiced ofM;/m( has been done 
by them to "improve" their "ground-work." 

It cannot, however, be denied that Feiiing 
& Co., with that kind of low cunning 
which seems to be imparted to some per- 
sons instead of higher intelligence, threw 
out imputations, which in reality were di- 
rected against the second volume in so 
equivocal a manner, that everybody who 
read them could not but be impressed with 
the idea, that their merit in the improve- 
ment of my work, the English and German 
part, was no less than that of Hercules 
in cleansing the Augean stable. In order, 
then, fully to enable every one, whose 
notions of right and honour have not yet 
been warped by the 'auri sacra fames,' 
to judge impartially between the two works, 
I will undertake a concise comparison of 
the letter S, being the most copious and 
therefore admitting of a larger and fairer 
scale on Avhich to proceed. 

Previously, however, it may be as well 
to show by some examples, chosen at 



5 c i ( { n (^ = ^ e i m a n n unb ^err John Oxen- 
ford („bcf[en 3D(itmirfung lucfentlid} jur 03 cr= 
b c f f c r u n g beS engtifd)=bcutfd)cn Xt)nU 6ei* 
getrngcn :^at") natiirliclj nidit bag 3)cinbcftc 
ju cinbern fanben; \va^ nnirbcn \vof)i bie 
2Bcuben, ^^olcn, 9iuffcn, S5oC)mcn, ac. gu 
biefcv definition fagcn? 

3)icg gcniige 5u jcigen, ba^, tuic 6ei jcbem 
umfiingreicl)cn 2Berfe, and; ^ier, man(^e 
SSerfc^en njaren, wddjc bem 5luge beg 33er« 
fafferS leidit entge^cn !onnen; ;5umal n?enn 
ber 2)rncf eineS QBerfeS fo au^erorbenttid; 
(tefdjleunigt tuirb, n?ie bieg 6ei ben frii:^c* 
xm Qluflagcn ber g-ad \mx, neben mctdien 
jugleid) nic^rere anbere 5Berfe "oon mix 
nnter ber ^^rcffe tuaren. 

5)a^ bieg QUleS al^er ^mtm entge'^en 
fonnte, benen fe:^r baran lag, i(;re „^er= 
befferungen" anf Jtoften meiner QlrBeit ^er= 
ijorglcinjen §n laffen, Ictf t ben UnBefangenen 
fd)Dn i:ermut^en, to a 6 jte eigentlicf) jur 
„3Serkffernng" gcttjan ^a&cn mogen. 

©g {ft jcbod) nic^t ju laugnen, ba§ (^ e 1 1 i n g 
nnb (Sonfcrten in i^rer ^orrebe mtt jener 
niebrigen ^2lrt i^on @d)lau^ctt, u^clck man= 
d)tn is^euten \tait ^o()ercr S'initdit t)crliel;ert 
{ft, -IngfteUungcn, bie bem beutfdi=eng({fd;en 
^l^eile gatten, in fo 5\De{beut{ger SBetfe gu 
mad)cn ijerftanben, bag Sebermann, ber jte 
lag, glauBcn mufte, {^r S3erbienft in ber 
@{d;tung nteineg, b. i. beg engltfd;^ 
bentfdjen ®orter6ud)eg fe{ n{d)t gcr{nger 
gewcfen, alg bag beg «§ercn(eg im Qlng{ag= 
ftall; urn nun Seben, beffen ^nfic^ten iiber 
3fled)t unb (S^re nod; ntd^t burc^ b{e *auri 
sacra fames' e{ne fd;{cfe Oiid;tung Befom- 
men ^a6en, iiBer ben @tanb^un!t Be{bcr 
QSerfe jjoUfommen aufjuflaren, will id) cim 
furje ^ergleid;ung beg 5Bud;ftaBen S, meld^r 
a{g ber ftcirffte 93ud;fta6c einen jiemUd.' all= 
[eitigcu unb unvarteiifd)cn 3}ia|^ftaB aBgebcn 
ivirb, anftellcn. 

(J'g [ci jebcd; i^or^er erlaubt, an ein{gen 
luillfu^rlid; aufgenommenen ^eif^{elen ju 



XIV 



random, what "pains" have been be- 
stowed on the logical arrangement of 
words and to what extent their reprint 
is to be "considered as an original 
work." * 

It is one of the most difficult tasks of 
lexicography, in some cases indeed impos- 
sible, to arrange the meanings of a word 
according to its historical development, 
as we are not left in the possession 
of documents, absolutely necessary for 
such purposes. Although my principal 
aim has always been to meet those 
every-day wants, which are felt more im- 
mediately and urgently, yet this branch of 
lexicography has not been lost sight of, and 
I hope that fair critics will discover traces 
of my care in this respect, particularly in 
more important words: it is true, no doubt, 
of many words in every language that the 
primary meaning in use frequently differs 
widely from the primary etymological 
meaning ; and that the secondary ones also 
have not multiplied in regular succession 
from the primary, but have been adopted 
by accidental circumstances, attendant on the 
manners and history of the different nations ; 
and, as it has been truly remarked some- 
where, are more interesting to contemplate, 



^cigett, \vk „lnel 2J?u§e" man ftc^ cjegcten 
^at in 93e^U3 auf tie logifdje Qlnorbnung 
ber SBorte unb 6tS ju \t)etc^em @rabe i^r 
iUac[)brucf aU tin „Or{c}tnar = Serr'! !*) 
ju hctxad)Un ift. 

©"g ift bte fd)H)iertgfte ^ufgabe berSen= 
fogra^^ie bie 33egtiffe eineS Sorted nad] 
i^rer ©ntfte^ung ^iftorifd; ^u orbncnj jum 
Xi)dl fcl6ft immogltd), ba bic S^t nic^t 
alle bie 2)ocumente ung gclaffen ^at, melc^e 
^^ier^u unBebingt notf;ig ftnb. 2)iefe (Sette 
nun, oBmo^l mein ^au^tjicl^unft ftetS wax 
juerft bem V^^^tifdjen unb im Qlugenblicf c 
em^jfunbcncn 33ebiirfniffe auf bie fiirjefte 
unb §mec!ma^igfte SSeife a65u:^etfen, ift 
feineSwegS au§ ben -2(ugen i^ierloren iDorbett 
unb ic^ ^offe, bag HOige 33eurt^ci(et: bie 
(S^uren baijon 6efonber§ hd und)tigerenQB6r* 
tern nicf)t nermiffen i^erbcn : eS ijl allerbingg 
\vai)x, bag Bei i){elen SSortern in jcber 
(Spradje bie im ©cBrauc^e am J^dujrgften 
ijorfommenbe 33ebeutung auf erorbentIic|) t)on 
ber urf^rimg(id;en eti^mologifdjcn 93ebeutung 
aBmeid)t unb bag bie iTleBenBebeutungen ftc^ 
oft feinegiT^egg in regclmagiger 0ieit)enfotge 
au^ ber ^au^tBebeutung entfaltet ^aBen, 
fonbern ^aufig jufdlligen ©rcigniffen ober 
3uftdnben i^re (S^ntftet;ung ijerbanfen, it)elc^e 
aug bitten unb ®efd;id;te ber t)erfcf)iebenen 



* In one of their puffing advertisements of the 
reprint superscribed in capitals : — 
CORRECTED, AMENDED, AND ENLARGED, FOR 
THE ENGLISH STUDENT. F L U G E L 'S COM- 
PLETE DICTIONARY, &c. 
they say: — "The presentDictionary (which has al- 
ready passed rapidly through a large edition) is 
founded upon the celebrated German work, but the 
labour bestowed on it by two eminent Germans § and 
an English scholar may almost entitle it to be con- 
sidered as a new work, Ac." (The closing sentence 
of this puff from Whiltaker % Co.; Diilmi %■ Co.; and 
D. Nutt; London, see p. LVII). 

The rapid sale — if it really has taken place — 
is owing partly, to the firm they had assumed, and 
partly to the circumstance of my second edition being 
out of print more than two years before the appear- 
ance of the present edition. 



§ More of tl)ese two eminent Germans vid. "Site=^ 
•flri|'cl)e ©i)mpatl}ien, k." p. 37 and 38. 



I *) Sit etncr jencf t«av!tfct)re{erifcl)en Stitfiinbtgungett t:^vc^ 
9^acf)bntrfcs, bie mit gvob'eit Settent i'i&evHf)vte(ieu ift : - 
CORRECTED, AMENDED, AND ENLARGED, FOR 
THE ENGLISH STUDENT. F L U G E L 'S COM- 
PLETE DICTIONARY, &c. 
l]dm e§ : — "Sag f orliegcnbe SBoiterbucI}, ivoWoit cine 
ftavfe 5luflage fiereit-3 fefir fdjnell vergriffcu rciirbc , ift 
auf bag bcn'ifjmtc beutfdje S5>cvf f'afivt, afiev bic ?(r()ctt, 
t»elcl)c jivei augge5eicl}nete 3>eiitfft)e § imb ein fiiglifiijcr 
®elel)vter barauf »erroaubteu , berecfjtigcu baffcfbc faft 
alg eiii ueuc§ SSevf t)etvac{)tet jii werben, 2C." (®cn 
©cf)Iu§ biefeg *pitp von Whiltaker Sf Co.; Dulau 8fCo. ; 
unb D. Nutt; London, f. ®. LVII). 

©en ftavfen 5t6fa^ — »enn cv anvfficl) @tatt fanb — 
verbanit il)re SUteigabe tl)eil§ bcm ?(u§[)augcfcl)ilbe, uiclcl)eg 
fie ]xd} angema^t fjatten , al§ aud) bcm Umftaubc, i>a^ 
nieinc jiveitc ?[uflagc xit'cr jwei 3ctl)ve vov bem ®rfrf)ei= 
ncn ber gegcnivavtigcn vcvgviffcu wai. 



§ 9iakve§ iibcr bicfe bciben eminent en iScutfrfuu 
f. "„2ttevavifd}e ® i)nipatt)ien, jc." <S. 37 nub 3S. 



XV 



than easy to trace with any certainly and 
precision. Much greater attention than has 
hitherto been the case, must be bestowed 
on the pubHcation of Old-English docu- 
ments, in order to fix beyond doubt the 
succession of the meanings of such a word 
f.i. as "Spring;" and, valuable as JFe&.sier's 
labours are in this respect, he must not- 
withstanding frequently be convicted by 
irrefragable proof of having built on unsafe 
foundations; but do Messrs. Felling, Hei- 
mann &, Co., who indeed understand so 
little how to appreciate the value of Old- 
English literature, that they, by having mu- 
tilated my work in the manner they did 
have rendered a thorough verbal acquaint- 
ance with Shakespeare — , to name this 
single author — , utterly impossible from 
their reprint. Do they really imagine they 
have introduced a "logical reform" or a 
"system" into my work by simply inserting 
figures between the different meanings, 
already divided by a semicolon in my for- 
mer editions,* even in those cases where 
such a change would have been an im- 
provement? Do they call it "re-arrange- 
ment" to transmute the article: Great, adj. 
grof^ tm(^tig; cr^aBen; &c. into "Great, 
adj. l.grof; 2. mcluig 3 3. cr^aOen;" «Ssc.; 
the word: Greatness, s. bie ©rofC; ber 
(Sinfluf, bie ma^i, ^errfd^aft; ber (Btoly, 
&c. into: "Greatness, s. 1. bie ©ro^ej 2, 
bcr ©influf, bie ^a^t, -^errfc^aft; 3. ber 
(Stol^}" &cA or — to give another spe- 
cimen — Piracy, s. 1. bie (SeerauBcrei; 
2. bie Q(u6fc^reibcrei, ber literarifi^e 2)ie6* 
i^a% ^adjtxud', where they omitted the 
properly second sense and combined the 
fourth sense with their second? Quite in 
the same manner the just-named article 



336(fer t;erttor9ingen, bcren 93etrci^tung, \vk 
irgenbu>o trcffenb Bcmerft tuorbcn \]t, jtuar 
^o^e6 Sntercffc getva^vt, wddjt jld; aber 
eBcn fo ^djwcx mit @id;er(;cit Big ju i^rcr 
Ouelle ijcrfolgen laffen: eg ge^oren wdt 
mdjx 33orarBciten, alg Big je|t in SSejug 
auf ^crauggaBe altcnglifcl;er 3)ocumcnte ge= 
maHjt iDorben finb, baju, urn bie not(;tuenbigc 
^otge ber 35egriffe, 5. 33. Bei einem Qlrtifel 
wk Spring untuibcrruflici) feftjuftellen; fo 
SSert^ijolleg i)ierin Websicr^ QlrBeit Bietet, 
fo Idft fid; bocB cBen fo oft Bei i^m nn 
^^auen ciuf unfid;erem 33oben bocumentarifd; 
nac^meifen; meinen a6er ctwa bie ^crren 
Veiling, ^eimann & Gomip., wMk ben 
2Bert^ bcrdlteren englifc^cnl^iteraturfoiuenig 
fentien, ba^ ftcBerlid; iJ^iemanbem mit ^iilfe 
i^reg fo ijerftiimmelten S'ladjbrucfeg bag ge= 
naue SSerfldnbni^ beg Shakespeare, um biefen 
(Sinen 5U nennen, erfd)loffen irerben mirb. 
3}?einen fie eine „logtfd;e 9leform" ober ein 
„@^ftem" in mein 5Ber! geBracBt ju BaBen, 
tvenn fie ba, \vo id) in ben frii^cren 5tuf{agen 
bie 35egrijt'ggru^^en nur burd) ein (Semicolon 
gefd;ieben ^atte, * nod) eine 1. 2. 3. jc. Bin- 
einfd)oBen, felBft ba wo eine 3teform wixU 
lic^ not^ig iDar? 9^ennen fte eg "re-arrange- 
ment," wmn fte ben ^rtifei Great, adj. grof ; 
iDid)tig; er:^aBen;jc. uenuanbeln in: "Great, 
adj. l.groj3 2.trid)tig3 3. cr^aBen/'u.f.tt).; 
Greatness, s. bie ©ro^e; ber ©injTuf, bie 
30^ad)t, ^errfd;aft; ber (Stoljpc. in: "Great- 
ness, s. 1. bie ©rofe; 2. ber 6-inf(uf, bie 
mad)t, .^errfc^aft; 3. ber (Stol^j" )c. ober — 
um ein anbereg SSeifviet gu geBen — Piracy, 
s. 1. bie (SeerduBerei; 2. bie Qtugfc^reiBerei, 
ber literarifc^e 3)ieBfta(;I, 9^ad;brucf, wo fie 
ben eigentlid;en gmeiten SSegriff tt)cglie§en 
unb ben i^ierten mit i:^rcm jiceiten i)erfd;mot= 
gen? eBenfo ucr:^dlt eg fid) 5. 95. (um nur 



* This was plainly advertised to the reader iu 

§ VII. ON THE TYPOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENT, p. 

XXXIII ; the mode of adopting letters as in the 
present edition has heen chosen for the convenience 
in cases of reference. 



* '^k$ wav ^cut icin teiitltd} ancjc^cigt iu § VII. 
U c I' e V bie t iH'* o g v a p I) i f c^ e © i n v i cl} t u ii g , (5. 
XXXIII. 2?ic ©iniiiijtmig tcv 2?cgviff^3ciutt}eilung tmrd) 
Sitd)ftabcn ift iu tiefcv 3(uflagc gctfoffcu wort'cn , mil 
tic a3cvwci|'uugcu ulicvfui)tliii)cr gu mad)cu. 



XVI 



Spring (merely to mention one instance out 
of many) has been "improved," although, in 
the present edition, I have considerably and I 
hope, not unnecessarily remodeled them. 
The separation of the active and neuter 
voices of verbs has always been instituted by 
me in more important cases, where a real 
object could be attained without too much 
waste of space, compare, besides what had al- 
ready been done in the second edition, such 
articles as: To Cut, To Leap, To Lift, To Make, 
To Perform, To Push, To Put, To Return, 
To Run, To Strike, To Take, To Turn, To 
Work, where my copyists, in spite of their 
ardour for "systemizing," left every thing 
unaltered or, at the best, performed the 
purely mechanical task of dividing by figures 
the significations they found already ar- 
ranged in groups ; nevertheless the "douhle- 
laskcrs'' in their eagerness for improvement 
and notwithstanding they proceeded with 
the greatest caution, active meanings are 
found in neuter verbs and vice versa in 
abundance. By a similar "reform" the mean- 
ings "bic!, fett^ groB^" of the adj. Gross 
have been brought under one figure as haying 
the same sense! such blunders may be found 
throughout the whole of their patch-work. 

In a great many articles these remodelers 
have bereft the obsolete, vulgar and other 
expressions of their designations so that 
the unwary reader must take in good faith 
what he finds as "of equal value" with 
the rest; thus in their "amended" edition 
the article To Grow exhibits in its 6th 
sense: 5 er fallen instead of jufallen, the 
quotation ShaJisp. — C. of E. being deemed 
superfluous was struck out; in the word 
Hop, unusual and vulgar as it is, the quo- 
tation, Ainsworth shared the same fate, 
its meaning "^anjBoben" is left without 
mark and according to their "system" of 
the same signification with «§ Dip for which 
they present to the reader for ^Olpfer ; in the 
word Infirm the quotations oiShaksp.& South, 



einc ^roBe aua ber «Kaffe ju geBen) ntit 
bem oBcn UxutfxUn, in meincr brittcn Qluf* 
lagc grtnjlid) umgearBciteten %xt\M Spring, 
jc. ; bie $$;tennung ber actis?en unb neutralen 
SBebeutungen ber 3SerBa tft in mi^tigereit 
^'ciKen unb wo o^ne 511 gro^en ^^ufwanb an 
^la| cin H)ir!licl)er Smd gu crreid;en wax 
bon mir ftetg ijorgenommen worben, ntaw 
ijergleid^e au^er bem BereitS in i?ortgerQluf* 
lage ©et^anen, in ber ie|igen ''llxiiM, irie 
To Cut, To Leap, To Lift, To Make, To 
Perform, To Push, To Put, To Return, To 
Run, To Strike, To Take, To Turn, To 
Work, wo ttteine Goipiften, tro^ i^reg 
„f^ftematijtrenben" 5)range0 entweber gar 
nidjt^ ijercinbetten, ober gan^ duf erlicl;e unb 
mecl;anifcBe3erfdllung ber Bcreitg gni^^irten 
33ebeutungen ^oxmf^nun, moBei fte, in i^xtra 
eifrigen @treBen nacl; 33erBefferung, fo :^aar* 
fcBarf jtcl)teten, ba^ ^dujxg actiije 35ebeutun= 
gen aU neutral, neutrale aU actiu ange= 
geBen finb. 2)urcl; d^nli(^e „Oteform", 
jtnb unter bem -ilbj;. Gross bie QSebeutun* 
gen: „bicf, fett; groB;" aU ^ufammenge* 
^orig unter eine Qa^ geBracl;t tcorbenj 
fold)e ?ye^ler i?erBreiten jicl; burcb bag ^an^i 
Wa(i)wnt. 

3n unjd^ligen SBeif^jielen ^aBen bie Urn* 
former bie ^Bejeii^nungen ijeralteter, gemet= 
ner, jc. 5lu§briirfe Blinbling6 gcfiricBen, fo 
ba^ ber unBefan^gene Js^efer ba§ wag i:^m 
geBoten wirb auf ^reu' unb @lauBen t;in= 
ne^men muf 3 fo ^ei^t eg 5. 35. in ifjrem 
ijerBcfferten SBerfe Bei To Grow, 6. ^er= 
fallen ftatt jufaKen, wdl)renb Shaksp. — C. 
of E., aU il)nen unwefcntticl^ geftrtdicn 
njurbe; Bei Hop, biefem ungeit?6l;nli(^en unb 
gemeinen Sorte, ift bag Sitat "oon Ainsworth 
geftrid^en, ber SSegriff „^ an 5B0 ben" o^ne 
SSejeic^nung unb nac^ i:^rem „<St)ftem" 
gfeid^Bebeutenb mit t^o^fer, \t)elc^eg ftc 
bem lii^efer \iaii «§o:^fer geBen; Bei Infirm 
ftnb bie bem jtt)eiten unb britten 35egriffe 
Beigefiigten (Sitate Shaksp. unb South ge= 



\ 



belonging to the second and third sense 
were struck out; in Whirl-hat the quota- 
tion to the second or poetical sense {Dry.) 
has likewise disappeared and thus with 
them (Strcit Ijant [d; u (; (6cftu0) and (Strcit= 
f 16 c n have the same meaning ; the words 
DonkeyjDoomage, Face-painter, Face-painting, 
Pudding-time, Shift, Smock, Stingo, are 
left without mark ; and so is Fascia which, 
with them, is ^Binbe instead of ^inbe. 

Is it an act of improvement to ex- 
plain Fig merely as etne ^ferbefranf^eit; 
Fig-mary gold, eineOltngcIBlume? Did they 
"correct, amend and enlarge" such words 
as Corking-pin, Dust-man, Flops, Felon, 
Fluxibility and Fluxility, Freshness, Guillemot, 
Hippomanes, &c.? Many good and useful 
words have been removed, while others of 
less import have remained untouched. Thus 
f.i. the second good sense of Fattener {i.e. 
that which fattens) was struck out; also Equi- 
vocally; in To Mean ''provinc.'' stands isolated, 
but the word : trauertt, &c. belonging to it 
has disappeared; in To Hum the 01-cngI. 
(North of England) preceding the sense of 
wcrfen in my dictionary is removed and the 
abbreviation corrected by the improvers into 
0^ e u e n g It f C^ (New-English !). Of misprints 
likewise and blunders of every description 
there is a rich abundance from title-page 
to colophon. I will enumerate only a few. 

The following sea-expressions received 
a new and improved orthography as: — 
a Fainting gale, instead of einc aBne^menbe 
^ii:^lte is with them etne aBne^^menbe ^ ii ^ I e ; 
Flake, bte (StelHng is ^tcllung^ in To 
Gale away the parenthesis (from another 
ship) was deemed unnecessary, the German 
phrase reads instead of, eine SBrife, cine 
^rtfe Befommen; Idleness (with them 
under figure 2) is changed from: 2Bert(;= 
loffgfeit into SSortlojtgfeit; Mostic {i.e. 
Maul-stick), bcr ^em^ocf (ber 3)JaIer) had 
also to undergo a metamorphosis and be- 
came ^e:^nftor(^. In Dado, s. Arch, (die 



XVll 

firti^cu; Bci Whirl-bat ift bic ^c^eic^nung 
beg jtDcitcu ober ^octifd;en 23cgrijtc6 (Dry.) 
ebenfatlg ucrfcBwunbcn ; unb fo ift 6 e i t ^ n e n 
bcr <Strcit^anbfd;ur) (6cftu8) g(eicl;6cbeus 
tenb mit ©trett f o I B e n ; cBcnfo fc^tert bte 
^Sejeidjttungen Bet Donkey, Doomage, Face- 
painter, Face-painting, Pudding-time, Shift, 
Smock, Stingo ; Fascia ift o^ne 23ejcid;nung 
unb f)n^t Bet i^ncn bic Stnbc, bcr (Strcif 
(utitcr einem 95cgrt[f) ftatt 33tnbe, jc. 

-J^cift eg i?erBeffern, ivcnn fte Fig (unBe* 
fttmmt) cine ^fcrbeifranf^ctt ober Fig-mary 
gold, ctnc O^tngclBlume nennen? @aB eg 
gar md;tg ju Bcrtc^tigcu ober ju tieri^oUftan^ 
bigen in ifiortern \m: Corking-pin, Dust- 
man, Elops, Felon, Fluxibility unb Fluxility, 
Freshness, Guillemot, Hippomanes, &c.? ^iete 
gute unb nii|Iid)e SBorter unb SSegrijte finb 
geflri^cn, md^rcnb mand)eg minbcrSBert^* 
S3oUe fte(;cn BlteB, fo 5. -93. murbe bcr jroettc 
gute SSegrtJt i)on Fattener, b. t. ^linger, 
geftrid)en; cBcnfo Equivocally; Bei To Mean 
ftc:^t „provinc.'' tfolirt, ii^d^rcnb bcr bal^in 
gc^ijrtge SBcgrtff: traucrn, jc. cafftrt irurbe ; 
untcr To Hum luurbc Bet bcm 93egrtffe 
U) erf en metn S'l-cngl. (^Sejetdjnung fiir 
iUorbenglanb) tn S'^euengHfd; i^erBcf^ 
fert. Qtn 2)rucf=, ja in jeber Qtrt ijon 
S'c^Iern ftnbct ft(^ i)on 5(nfang Big ©nbe 
bte retd)ftc guile. 3c^ tt)tll nur eintge 
nennen. 

2)te nad;flet)enben (Secaugbriicfc er^ielten 
etne neue ijerBcffcrte Drt^ogra^^ic, me: — 
a Fainting gale, etne aBnel)menbeMl;lte f)n^t 
Bet t^nen aBne:^menbe .tu^Ie; Flake, bic 
@teUtng^eift(Stenung; Bei To Gale away 
n^urbe bte ^arcnt^cfc (from another ship) 
atg iiBcrpfftg crad)tet; eg ^ct§t bafelBft ftatt 
etne 95rt[c, eine^rtfe Befommen; Idleness 
tft (untcr t^rer (S^tffer 2) aug Scrt^Ioftg- 
fctt 2Bort(oj!gfeit gcicorbcn; Mostic (b. t» 
Maul-stick), bcr Sc^nftocf (bcr SO^ater) ift 
^um ScI;ttftorcI; gcluorbcn. 33et Dado, s. 
Arch, ftanh tm Ortginalmerfc: ber aBiirfef 
(c, (Sdulc), ba eincr (auggefc^ricBcn) ni^t 
B 



XVIII 



of a column) ihe original edition had : ber 
S23ihfcl (c. (Sciulc), ciner (written in full 
length) not having room for one line, they 
made cine (Sa u(c of it; so in Cut, s. 5. they 
have plctcn=)(Sou^on instead of (Qlcticn^) 
(Eou^ott; we find Answerrec/, s. tie ^ilntwort, 
&c. ; Commiscrator, s. mttfeibic}, &c. ; Con- 
fiscate, s. instead of Confiscation ; Election, s. 
instead of Electron ; the obsolete word Exuf- 
flicate (only used hj Shakespeare) is referred 
to Exsufflicate, but this is w^anting. Comical 
indeed are their explanations and additions 
where there are any, f. i. Alum in, Alumina, 
s. bie reine, ober e feme n tare ©vbartj 
Fluoric, adj. fluorifd; ; Fluorine, s. bag 5' i u 0= 
rib a; Fascicular, ad/, in einem 33iinbc{, in- 
stead of 6iifc^elf6rmig. In Leaf, s. 3. they say: 
ber %i\XQd (eineS § i f d; e § u. f. \t\). Hysterics 
has been enriched with a new signification, 
"£)^nmad;f'; wiiile in the verb To Deliver 
(to be delivered of a child) we meet with a 
successful augment: cineS vllinbcg gencfen, 
I now proceed to the comparison of the 
letter S, which will be the more interesting 
to the reader, if he bear in mind the 
insolent language and high airs which 
these men thought fit to assume in their 
advertisements. In this extensive letter, 
which presented to them an opportunity 
of palliating their plagiarism in some mea- 
sure, these "original" penners, although 
many of the best sources were at their 
command, to which a person in the centre 
of Germany could not have the same easy 
access, have not added more than one single 
article — the word Scorlalory — where- 
as the S in the present edition has been 
enriched by more than a thousand words, 
with many new significations and phrases, 
the insertion of which the wants of the 
time urgently called for. Thus the article 
"Sea,"* already copious in the former 



in bie Bcite ging, bicfea tuurbe of)nc 
Umftanbe in: cine (Saule t)cr6effert; 
eBcnfo Cut, s. 5. in (Q(cten=)Soiipon fiatt 
(Qlcticn=)(Sou^on; Answerred, s, f)ci^t Bei 
i^nen bie ^ntmort, ur, Commiserator, s. 
mitleibig, jc,; Confiscate, s. ftatt Con- 
fiscation; Election, s. ftatt Eieclron. 3)a3 
i^eraltcte Exufflicate ift auf Exsufflicate (ein 
nur ijon Shakespeare cje6rau($te0 5Bort) tier- 
tDiefcn, biefeS ift aBer nid)t t)Dr6anben. ^of- 
firlid) ftnb ^ciuftg — \vo fte fid) ijorfinben 
— i^re (^rfldrungen unb 3«f^|^r h '^♦ 
Alumin, Alumina, s. bie rein e, ober ele^ 
men tare ©rbart; Fluoric, adj. fluorifd;; 
Fluorine, s, bag Sluoriba; Fascicular, 
adj. in eincm SSiinbet, anftatt Biifc^elformig, 
^ei Leaf, s. ^n^t e§ 3. ber i^liigel (eineg 
^ifd;eg u. f. ii?.). Hysterics ift mit eineni 
neueu QSegriff: „0^nmad;t" Berei(^ert, 
iDci^renb To Deliver ber crtpeiterten @rf(d* 
rung (to be delivered of a child) eineg 
Jlinbcg gcnefen ftd; erfreut, 

3d) fonime inxM ju ber 3SergIeic^ung beg 
S, bie bem Sefer um fo intereffanter fein 
it>irb, \vmn cr im ^(uge 6e^dlt, t^eli^en 
amnafenben Son biefc 3P^enfd;en in i^ren 
5(nfiinbigungen anftimmten. 3n biefem 
langen *^ud;ftaBen, ber fo re^t eigentlid) 
i^nen ©elegen^eit 6ot, i^r ^tagiat tt)enig= 
fteng dwa^ §u Bemdntein, ^aBen biefe 
„0riginaI=5lrBeiter", o6gIeid; i^nen in ©ng* 
lanb felbft wnt Bequemer, alg mir in ^eutf(^* 
lanb bie :^errlid)j1:ett Duetlen gu ®e6ote 
flanben, ben einjigen Qtrtifel Scortatory 
eingefd)a(tet, o^wotjl er in ber iJorHegenben 
britten ^(ujTage um me^r afg 1000 ber 
6eftcn 5(rtife(, mit ijielen neuen 33egriffen 
unb Otebengarten, beren ^injufiigung ganj 
notBii?enbigeg B^itBebiirfnif wax, Berei^ert 
tijorben ift. <Bo ift ber f(^on in i?origer Q(uf* 
lage jiemlid; reic^^altige %xiitd Sea* um 
80, Semi- um 53, Steam um 41, Stone 



* Sea contained 188 compounds in the first edi- 
tion of my dictionary, in the second 297, in tiie 
third 373, Hilpert has 218, Grieb 244; Semi- has 
49 compounds in my second edition, in the tliird 104, 



*) Sea Ijatte in ber erften Stuflage meineg 3Borter6ud)e§ 
188, in ber jraeiteu 297, tie britte tniUU 373 Sotn» 
^jDfita, §il)jert tjat 218, ©rieJt 244; Semi- i)at 
in ber jweiten 5liifl. 49, in bcv britten 104, ^ilpcrt 



XIX 



editions has been augmented by 80, Semi- 
by 53, Steam by 41, Stone by 27, Sweet 
l)y 18, Sulpho- by 19, Sulphuret by 16 
compounds, the importance of which is self- 
evident, but of which not a vestige is to 
be traced in the London edition of FlugeVs 
Dictionary corrected, amended and enlarged 
by Feiling & Co. 11 — What then, 1 ask, 
are the merits of these "improvers" in this 
long letter? Of alterations for the better 
there is no trace whatever; from Webster 
whom they pretend to have consulted, they 
have added no more than one single word. 
In the preface to their reprint they say, 
p. IV: — "Dr. IFe6s<er's Dictionary has been 
the chief authority used in compiling the 
Enghsh part; not because his choice of 
words is the greatest sign of their purity, 
but because his collection is the most 
copious." This assertion is a bare untruth 
as regards the letter S, which even in 
their reprint, embraces 7 sheets (the 
eighth part of the whole), although they 
have curtailed my work of about 50 
sheets!* Did these model-wTiters con- 



jum 27, Sweet urn 18, Sulpho- um 19, 
Sulphuret um 16 GomVoftta, k. i^crmcfjrt 
tvorben, bcrcn ©idjtigfcit i^ou felOft cin^ 
Icuc(,)tct, i-^on bcncn abcx ami) fcinc ^\nix in ber 
.\?enbonor i^on Scil in 3 unb 6omi.n „0cricBi 
tigtcn, i^evBcffcrtcu iinb cruuMtcrtcn" -^(u^ga'Oc 
bc§ (^Uigerfitcn ^I^ortcrBucIu'S ju finbcrt 
ift. — QBay jtnb bcnn nun bic ^erbienftc 
ber „Q3crBcff ever" in bicfcm langcn 33ufl;fta6en? 
33on berbeffcrnbcn Qfcnbcrungcn ift nic(;t bie 
geringftc @Vii^} <i"^ Webster, ben fte knul^t 
§u f;a6cn, aorgeBen, ift im ganjen S nid;t 
me^r aU tin ctnjigeS ^ovt aufgenom= 
men a^ orb en. 3n ber 33orrebe i(;re§ D'^adjbrucfcg 
^ei^t eg namltd; @. IV : — "Dr. Webster's 
Dictionary has been the chief authority 
used in compiling the English part; not 
because his choice of words is the greatest 
sign of their purity, but because his col- 
lection is the most copious." 5)iefc 93c= 
:^au^tung ift \va§> ba§ S (wel(^er 95u(^* 
ftabe felBft in i^rem um faft 50 33ogen 
werfcBnittenen S'Mi^brucfe ein %d}td bc§ ©cin^ 
^en augmafl;t) auBelangt, eine offenSare IXn^^ 
lua^r^eit.*) 2:rugen biefc 2J?ufter=Q(r6eiter 



lUlpert 39, Grieb 92; Steam has 39 compounds in 
my second edition, in the third 82, HUpert 17, Grieb 
19; Stone in my second edition has 68, in the third 
SO compounds, HUpert has 54, Grieb 58 ; Sweet in 
my second edition has 66, in the third 7 2 compounds, 
HUpert has 59, Grieb 62 ; Sulpho- was wanting al- 
together in the second edition, as well as in HUpert 
and Grieb', in my present edition it forms an article 
of 19 compounds. The article Sub- amounted to 344 
compounds and derivations in my second edition, in 
the third it has 481, HUpert has 268, Grieb 3 65. 
Thus much as a small specimen from the letter S. 
Other letters present comparatively a still more striking 
contrast. — The third edition of my dictionary exhibits 
in the letter A 1 1 1 9 words more than Grieb, in I? 217 5; 
this ratio is greatly augmented in the subsequent letters ; 
time, however, did not permit a further enumeration. 
* In order to obtain full certainty on the subject 
and to enable the reader, as far as ocular evidence 
in ciphers will permit, to judge how far these emi- 
nent lexicographers have proceeded in '■Hheir plan 
of amplification'''' , I caused a strict enumeration of 
the reprint to be made — after the preceding text 
had already been given to the printing-office — ; the 
result is as follows : — From the letter A to J in- 
clusive 314 words have been inserted h-omWebster, 
many of them mere orthographic peculiarities, Latin 
or Greek forms, which I had not admitted into my 
second edition, for the simple reason of supplying 



39, ©vicb 92; Steam I^at in l)cr jnjcitcn «UifI. 39, 
in tcv Written 82 Somvpfita, ^'y 1 1^< evt 17, ©riebtO; 
Stone feat in t)cr jiucitcii 9lufl. 68, in Ux tnttcn 80 
(5om»?ofita, .'piU^evt 54, ©vieb 58; Sweet feat in 
tier jrucitcn ?(nfl. 66, in In tiitteu 7 2 Sompofita, 
."piU'ctt 59, ®ricfe 02; Sulpho- fcfeftc oanjiid) in 
tev jwciten 'iluflasje, ctuuifo feci A)xlvcrt iiuD ®viefe, 
ill tier jc^icjcu trittcn ^luflagc feat e^ 19 SLMiipofita. "^n 
'itrtifd Sub- mit alien Biifammcnfe^mic^cn jafelte in i)cr 
jiveiteu ?(ufl. 344, in fer tritteix 481, feci .5>ilpert 
268, feci ©vie fe 365. So iMcI ata eiuc fleiue q^rofec 
aiiS feem 5?iufeftabcu S. ?lufecrc 33iicfeftafeen feietcn iicvfealt= 
ni^maijig cineit nod) auffallenCevcu ^Ifeftaiit) fear.— Die tvitte 
5lufl. meiueS 2Bi)vtcvfeucfecg feietet ein aifcfer gcgeu© ri efe, 
im A 1119, im B 217 5; in feeu folgenfecu $*ud)ftafeen 
wirfe fcag 5JevfeaItniO feefeeuteut) geftcigcrt ; feie 3eit vev= 
ftattete afecv einc iDeitcre Biife'i'iig nicfet. 

*) Um 3U t'oIIcr©enn6fecit iifeec feiefen *pimft 3u fcm= 
men unfe l>cm ?cfcr wcnigften^ in 3i^I?Jc» ju jcigcn, 
irie Jfcit ficfe feic "Amplification" feicfcr eminentcii Sefi= 
fogravfeen nad) ifercm »)3lan nnrflicfe cvftrecft, feafee id) 
nacfetraglid) — uacfebcm ta^' MS. ju feeni Dfeengcfagtcii 
feevettg juv Svucfcvci gegcfecn iimi-— cine gcnaue3afelung 
fec§ 9iad)fevudeg xicrauftaltet. g-olgcnfee^ ift fea§ iKefuU 
tat: — aJou A feig mit einfd)Iu^ J fmfe 314 aBovter, 
rcn fecncn wieTc feIo§c ovtfeogvavfeifd)c (gigentfeumlid)fci= 
ten , lateinifcfec ober gricd)ifcl)c Sovmeu fiufe , m^ feem 
Webster aufgencmmen, feie id) in meincr ^weitcn '?luflagc 
nid)t aufgenoiumeit feattc nm notfeivcnfeigeven 3lvtiWit feeu 



XX 



sider as worlliy Iheir reception such words, 
as Saliferous, Salification, To Salify, Salini- 
ferous, Saliniforni, Salinometer, Salino-ter- 
rene, &c. ; or could such words as Sco- 
riaceous, Sectional, Sessional, Strategetic, 
Strategic, Strategist, Strategy, Structural, 
Suggestive and a thousand others, although 
supported by innumerable and the best 
English authorities, could these, indeed, be 
regarded of sufficient purity for admittance 
into the Canon of Feiling-Heimann-Oxen- 
ford? — no! — But one single word in 
this rich letter was deemed worthy of 
acceptance, viz. ScorUilory (relating to or 
consisting in, prostitution or venal lewd- 
ness)! — a rare selection oi these Hyper- 
purists out of a letter abounding in richest 
treasures and most useful matter, and 
which, in my humble opinion I hope 
is, in my work better and with more 
propriety adapted to the English student 
than their choice; it forms at once 
— to speak in the words which were 
dictated to them against me — "a mo- 
nument of the great industry and the 
small judgment employed in making the 
collection." 



dwa ^ebenfen, Sorter aufjuttet;mett, wk 
Saliferous, Salification, To Salify, Salini- 
ferous, Saliniform, Salinometer, Salino-ter- 
rene, &c. ; ober waxtn 5Borter \vk Sco- 
riaceous. Sectional, Sessional, Strategetic, 
Strategic, Strategist, Strategy, Structural, 
Suggestive, unb taufenb anbere, fiir bercn 
SflotfeuHnibigfcit bte ja^Ireii^ftcn unb Beften 
englifc^en ^tutorttcitcn Biirgen, nid;t ebel ge= 
nug, urn in ben j^- tiling -•^ti man n-Oxen- 
ford'\d)m .^anon aufgenommen ju merben? 

— S'ZcinI — dlux etn einjigeS 2Bort 
in biefem reid/^altigen ®ud]ftakn wurbe ber 
Qlufna^mc iDiirbig erad)tet: Scortatory (ftd) 
auf'^urcrci obcr Unjud;t Be5ie:^enb, ^urerci 
Bctrcffenb ober barin Beftc^^cnb) — einc trejf* 
lid;c Qtugma^I i^on folc^en ^S^^er^uriften 
aug einem ^ud)fta6en, ber cinen fo grojen 
unb I)errltc^en X^dl beS ^iprad^fd^il^eS in fic^ 
Qntijalt unb ben ic^ nac^ metner Befc^cibenen 
SO'Jeinung 6effer unb fd)itf(id;er bem englifcBen 
SBebiirfniffe angeipa^t §u f)abm glauBe, aU 
ftc in t:^rcr Q(ugit)a^l; eg giebt ^unbc 

— urn in ben QBorten, bie man i^nen gegett 
mid) in bie §ebcr bictirte, ju reben — „t3Dn 
bem gro^en gletf unb bem geringen Urt^etl, 
\vdd)c^ baBei angeivenbet iDurbe." 



that space with more valuable articles. In the letter 
K no addition is made ; in L two words are added ; 
in M 11 (mostly compounds with Mis-) ; in iV 2 ; in 
1; in P 9 ( 1 ) ; in 1 word, in R 1 2 words (all com- 
pounds with Re-, Rhinocerial excepted); in S 1 word, 
n single one; in T none (I); in f/ 1 (ToUmbrate) ; in 
the rest of the alphabet none at all. The whole list of 
these words 360 (including also their improved forms : 
Answerred, s. tie ?lnti»ort, &c. ; Commiserator, s. iuit= 
Icibig, &c. as above mentioned), exhibits frequently mere 
orthographic and other slight variations of words of 
which relatives were already contained in the "ground- 
work" ; thus f. i. the unusual forms of Britch , To 
Britch, Britching instead of Breech, &c. Biangulate, 
Bifurcate, Burglarian, Catenary, Copaiba, Exanlhematic, 
&c. added to Biangulated, Bifurcated, Burglarious, 
Catenarian, Copayva, Exanthematous, &c. ; even obso- 
lete words which they cast out otherwise in masses 
were newly received, or useless words (inasfar as 
they are of equal orthography) such as "Madrid, (tie 
®tat)t) SOJabrib" ; probably intended as an equivalent 
for the old word Madrill corrupted from Madrid but 
used hY Beaumont and Fletchei', Mlddlet on and oihevs. 
For the very form I had thought proper to receive 
it, but my improvers knew better. Thus much as a 
mere specimen of their amplification. 



JRaum uic{)t n>egsiniel}meu. 2m ^uitjftaf'cu K teftiibct 
fic^ fciii ^n\a^ ; im L fmb 2 ^ufa^e ; int M 11 (lucift 
Gomportta mit Mis-) ; imN2, im0 7, imP9(!), tm Q 
1 SBort, int R 12 2BDrter (nur Sontv^Dfita mit Re-, mit 
?tu6nal}mc woit Rhinocerial); im S 1, ein einsige^ 
SBort ; im T !cin§ (!), im U 1 (To Umbrate), in ben I'tbvigen 
53ucl}ftaf>cu be^ ^llpfnibetg nid)t ein§; unter biefcr 
ganjen B^it)! 360 (mit ein[d)lu9 il^vev vcrt'effevten gov= 
men : Answer?'erf, s. bie 3lnttDDVt, :c. ; Commiserator, 
s. mitlcibig, :c.) fiub mic t)ereitf> o&eu gefagt, I)aufig 
blo^c urt^ogvav^if(i)e unb anbeve gevtngc a}erfii)iebcnf)eiten 
von iitn im Driginalwcvfc fc^on t)ovI)anbenen JBortern, 
wic 3.93. bie ungcroijf)nlic^e Sc^reibart Britch, To Britch, 
Britching, &c. ftatt Breech &c. Biangulate, Bifurcate, 
Burglarian, Catenary, Copaiba, Exanthematic , &c. 
nebcn Biangulated, Bifurcated, Burglarious, Catena- 
rian, Copayva, Exanthematous, &c. ; fel&ft vevaltete 
SBortev, bie ftc fonft ju Saufenben ftriif)cn, naf)mcu fie 
bagegen auf, ober mit^Iofe (megen bev glcirfieu (5d)vei&= 
art) wit "Madrid, (bie ©tabt) aDUtbrib"; n)af)vi'd}einlicl) 
5um ©rfa^ beg con tl)nen ,,anogemerjten" Madrill (an^ 
Madrid t»evbDr6en), n)eld)e alte ?5orm fid) bei Beaumont 
unb Fletcher, Middleton unb fonft ftnbet, unb bie ic^ be^I)aTt> 
ber ?(ufna{ime in mcin SBiJrtcvOucf) fiir wuvbig befunben 
I}atte. SOicine a.^cr&effcrev a&ec Batten eine tiefeve ginfid)t 
v>ott bev (Sac^c. — <So »iel \\ba if)vc S3 ermcl;v n ng. 



XXI 



Yot — justice even lo Imn who by way of 
nietaplior, is called Nobody. The producers 
of tliis "original" task-work, writing to the 
order of their publishers, were naturally 
under Die control of their employers, and, 
in order to fix as low a price as possible 
on their reprint, w'ere obliged lo leave 
out the greatest part of the "ground- 
work", and thus, in the first place, the 
notation of the pronunciation, given, of 
course, according to English sources, was 
"struck out", although the simple circum- 
stance, that frequently the best English or- 
thoepisls differ widely from each other, seems 
a sufficient proof, that this part of my w'ork 
was certainly not useless even to English- 
men. Next to this, almost all the obsolete 
expressions. Provincialisms, Americanisms, 
cant terms, c^'C. w^ere expunged; a sample 
of their wholesale dealing with these 
expressions will be given below; w4th re- 
gard to provincial and other terms, I have 
only to say that my labours have always 
tended to make the w^ide field of English 
language and literature, accessible as far as 
possible to the Germans, and, at the same 
time, to give to Englishmen and Americans 
the German equivalent for their own notions ; 
in short, to raise English lexicography to 
a higher standard, as far as this was in 
my power. No real philologist, at least 
according to the German acceptation of the 
word, will ever hesitate to avail himself of 
any obsolete, provincial or low word, which 
may ofl'er the least advantage for linguistic 
inquiries, only, because it may happen to 
be proscribed in fashionable circles. Such 
puerile and absurd ideas of language and 
such utter ignorance of its mysterious 
growth can only be entertained by empty- 
headed fools. The Rev. H. J. Todd, who 
very well conceived, that ignorance of this 
kind of words was one of the principal 
causes of the unsatisfactory condition of 
English etymology, gave many valuable con- 



3}oc^ — !3ctcm, UMe i(;mvjc6u(;rt, otcr [clbjl 
tcm 3^cufcl [oin Oicdu. 2)a fcie ^robuccntcu 
ticfcr ,.,Crii;;inaI=''^lrlHnt" auf'^cftclluiii] i(;rcr 
iscvlc^cr vivbcitctcn, ftanbcii fie natiirlid; iintcr 
bcr dontrolc iOrcr Qluftraggckr, unb bvt 
ftc ben ^^n-cie> i[;rcy i)uKl^bnicfe§ fo biiiu} aU 
moi^Ud) ftcUcn muptcn, ti\n*cn fie in bic 
9^ot()ivcnbicjfcit ycrfc^t, ben grejjten ^^cil 
be^3 ©tojfeS vtuy bcm OriginaluHTfe m^y^ix^ 
laffen, fo ftvid;cn ftc ^uerft bie (natiirlid; 
m^ engtifc^^en OucUcn gegekne) -^cjcid)^ 
nung ber Q[u«f^radK, obwotjl \d)on ber ein= 
fadie llmj^anb, ba^^ bie 6cften englifckn Or= 
tt^oe^nften oft ganj i^on cinanbcr a6weid;en, 
bafiir fpriclu, ba^ btea felBft fiir (Sugldnber 
fcine iinnii|c Sug^if'C wax. @obann mu^teu 
faft alle i^eraltcten Qtugbnicfe, ^rDUin^ialia* 
men, Qlmerifani^mcn, cant--2(u§brucfe, jc. uBer 
bie ^(inge fipringcn, wo^on id) inciter imten 
cine ^robe gc6cn wcrbc. 3n SScjug auf 
proijin^icUe unb anbere 5(ugbru(fe 6emer!c 
id;, ba^ mcin 3Bcr! ben Qwcd ^aik, fotpo^t 
ben 5)cutfd)en bag ganje g-clb ber cnglifc^cn 
8:prad;e unb ^iteratur fo inel aU mogIi(^ 
^u eroffncn, al§ aud) ben (Sngldnbern unb 
Qtntcrifanern ben bcutfd;en 5lugbruc! fiir tf;rc 
cigencn SSegriffc ^u gc6en, fo it^ie liBcr^au^t 
Die engltfd;c !(^c,rifogravr)tc, fo wdt bic§ in 
meinen ,^rviften ftanb, auf einen r;D^ercn 
6tanb:punft ju :^eBen. Rdn it)trflid)cr ^(;i* 
lolog, irenigftenS nad; bem beutfd;en 95e= 
griffe biefcg QBortcg, Jr>irb anfte^^en, irgenb 
ein J:eraltete§, iproj^injielleg ober gcmeincg 
2Bort Blo^ be^f;alB nid;t ^ur 8^radiforfd;ung 
ju Benu^en, iueil eS in mobifd^en Girfeln 
^rofcriBirt fcin mag. @o(d;e ftnbifc^^e unb 
einfdltige i^egriffe i^on ber (S^rad;e unb fo 
groBe Unfenntnif i^rea gef;cimnipijol(ett 
3Sad;§t:^ umeg gc(;oren nur f;of)Ifo^figcn 
Sgnoranten an. (Sd;ott Todd, ber ivof;[ 
einfa^, baf bie Unfenntnif biefer (Slaffe 
ijott SBortern einc ^au^turfad;e beg fd)tcd;= 
ten 3uftanbeS ber engtifdten (S^t5;moIogtc 
wax, gaB tiiele n?ert^yoUe 33eitrdge in feiner 
QIuggaBe beg Jo/njso?i unb jebcr wixtli^t 



XXII 



Iribulions in lliis respect in his ediliou of 
Johnson and every real linguist is grateful to 
him for them. Toucliing tliis point a reviewer 
in the Gentleman s Magazine of February 
1845 makes the following sensible remark: 
— "In a work on natural history which 
we lately reviewed, the third stomach of 
ruminant animals is called by a rather 
widely-known provincial name, feck, in 
some parts fadge, and the little family of 
stalks growing out of one grain of corn is 
in some counties called a wride (compare 
Feck and Wride, a) in the dictionary) ; and, 
as these w^ords are names of things that 
should have names, and have, we believe, 
no names, in our dictionaries, should we 
forsooth refrain from using them because 
they were unknown to a lexicographer in 
a London garret, or do not drop from the 
fair mouth of a duchess, who of course 
does not want to use them? and should we 
borrow from the French or the Turkish an 
equivalent for them, while they are daily 
spoken to our ears at home? We think 
not, and believe that grammar, while it 
follows usage under the common principles 
of good language and purity of speech, 
should restrain it from running wild ; and 
that it should not be simply the exhibiter 
of the picture gallery, but the master^ 
teaching the principles of art." 



Hence it must not be concluded that 
tbe author crowded together all the obso- 
lete and provincial words from his materials^ 
this would have far exceeded the limits 
of his work; they have been inserted par- 
ticularly when a difficult passage required 
elucidation ; if therefore such words as f. i. 
Childe(Chield,Chyld); Fytte; Thole; Thorp; 
Stalwart (Stallworth) ; Swound , &c. are 
to be found in my work, they have been 
admitted, not only because they are met 
with in Old English authors of note, but 



(S:pvaclH3clcf)rtc ift i:^m brtfiir banfbar. 5u 
btefcr S3e5te()itng du^crt cin 3^cccnfcnt im 
Gentleman's Magazine (^-cbruar 1S45) fc^r 
trejfcnb S-oU]cnbeg: „3n eincni fiirjUd; tion 
ung rccenftrten natiirge[cl;id)tltd)en ilBcrfe 
tpirb bcr brittc 33Jagcn \i:)tcber!ducnber ^:^tcrc 
mtt einem jinulid) wciti^erSrcitctcu munb= 
arttidjcn QSottc feck (in einigen ©egenbcn 
fadge) 6qcic()nct; bcr flciue 33ii[c()el'§almc, 
mklni au§ cin cm (Samcnfovn ^crt)Dr= 
fpricgt, mtrb in cinigcn @raffd)aftcn a wride 
gcnannt (jjvjI. Feck unb Wride, a) im ©or- 
tcrBucI;c); nub ^a. nun biefe 5Bovtcr ^^lamcn 
fur2)ingc ftnb, bic cBcn eiucn3^amen^a6en 
foUtcn unb in unfern SS6rterbiid)crn o^nc 
^Zamcn ftnb, folltcn mx wo^l ipirfiid; l)cr= 
mcibcn, ftc ju gcBraucl;cn, iDcil fie cin cm 
^crifogra^^cn in fcincm lonboncr fDad^ftiiB- 
cl)cn unBcfannt [tub obcr bcm [d;encn 2)?unbc 
cincr ^^crjoginn nid)t entfviUcn, bic frciltd; 
fciuc ^cranfaffung ^a6cn mag, ftc gu gcBrau= 
cl)cn? obcr foUten mx cin cntfprcd;enbc§ SSort 
m^ bcm S'ranjofifdjcn obcr gar 5^iirfifd;cn 
eutlcf)ucn, u\il)rcnb ftc inunfcrcr^cimatf) tdg= 
lid; i?on uny gc^ort wcrbcn? 2Qtr tcnfcn: 
ncin I imb mcincn, ba^, menu mA) bic <S^rac&= 
nnffcnfd^aft nad) ben aligcmcinen ©runbfd^cn 
bcr bcfferen unb rcincn Otcbc bcm @pra(^gc= 
6raud;e folgcn mu^, fie bod; bie imnatiirlid;cn 
SSorfckiftcn beffcI6cn ju lu'fdjrdnfcn ^at; unb 
baf ftc nid;t cincm fclo^en ©rfldrcr t)on,^unft= 
fcM^en glcid;en, fonbern al^ Wlt\\Ux bie 
®runbfd|c ber Jtunft te^ren foil." 

^ierauS barf man nid)t fc^tief en, baf ber 
33erfaffcr bicfeg 2Qerfc§ atlc m6g(id)c ijcrattctc 
unb iproijinjicUc^lugbriitfe ([\x^ fcinem 2Sor= 
rat^c aufnal;m, bic§ iviirbe bic ©renjen bc§ 
2Bcrfc§ Bci \T>citem iiBcrftiegcn ^aBcn: e0 
ift bie6 nfccrBcfonbcrg bann gefd;e^en, menu 
irgcnb cine fprad)[id>e (Srfd;cinung baburc^ 
ju crfldren \uar; n?cnn j.93. fDld;c 5Bortc trie 
Childe (Chield, Chyld) ; Fytte ; Thole ; Thorp ; 
Stalwart (Stallworth) ; Swound, &c. |td; in 
meincmSBcrfe ftnben, foftnbftenii^tblo^ bef= 
|l)a(6 aufgcnommen,it)cilfieftcI^ in Bebcutenbcn 



XXUI 



in consequence of having been revived by 
recent writers: — Childe and Fylte by 
Lord Byron and Dichcus, &c. ; Thole by 
Herbert [Altila)-^ Thorp by Wordsworth', 
Stalwart, &c. by Dkhens, Sir W. Scott and 
others (compare Stall-worn, &c. in the dic- 
tionary); Swound l)y Coleridge, &;c. facts 
which, I willingly believe to Ic unknown 
to I\lessrs. Feiling and Co. and conse- 
quently not worthy their notice. 

With regard to cant and vulgar expres- 
sions, their explanation is absolutely ne- 
cessary to render intelligible, a large por- 
tion of English literature, which is neither 
extinct, nor are there wanting important 
names, as Shahcspeare and all the ancient 
wrilers, Roger L' Estiarigc \yllhhis pithy style 
of writing, Smolleil, Fielding, Goldsmilh,6cc. 
not to mention more recent novelists, pre- 
senting, not unfrequently by the mere out- 
ward form adopted, valuable materials to 
a reader, especially to him, who like a 
Samuel Pegge can take a more profound 
and philosophical view of Ihem.* 

All these different shades of expressions 
contained in my work, have, however? 
been separated from others with scrupulous 
care, and each word indicated by distinctive 
abbreviations or marks; and as a very full 
index of the respective abbreviations is 
attached to the work, no mistakes in the 
use of them can possibly occur except 
from idiots. 

This in answer to FciUrtg&: Co.'s remark 
that "legitimate words are placed in jux- 
taposition with the lowest cant, as if they 
were of equal value." These bungling 
mechanics must have been asleep wdien 
Ihey mangled my dictionary; else they 
would not have given such w-ords as Stingo, 



altcn cuv^lifcljcn 6d;rift|lcl(crn i^ovfinbcn, [on= 
bcrn we'd ftc and) in ncucrcr 3cit (Childe m\1^ 
Fytte burd; Ld. %ro«, Dichens,u.%,; Thole 
burd) Herbert (Auila) ; Thorp burd) Words- 
worth ; Stalwart, &c. burd; Dickens, Sir W. 
Scott, &c. ; Swound burd; Coleridge, &c.)mC' 
bcr in'o ^dm\ gcrufcu ivovbcn jtnb; il'(;atfa= 
cl;cn, ton bcucn id) cjcrn cjtauBc, ba^ fie «§cr- 
rcn Selling nnb (Sonforten eBeu fo unOe= 
taimt ills unkacIitcnCMucrtf; erfdunnen mecjen. 

3Ba0 enblid; bie cant- unb cjemciucu Q(u§= 
briicfe anivincjt, fo finb fie ;5um t^eihreifcn 
^erftaubni^ eincS gro^cu BunngeS ber encj^ 
Itfckn Sitcratur, bcr ireber auycjefiorBcn ift, 
nod) Ccbcutenber ^uinicn ent6c^rt, mcShalic- 
speare unb alte alten (Sd;rtftftei[er, Roger 
L' Estrange mit feincr fern{gen@cf;rei6ti?cife, 
Smollett, Fielding, Goldsmith, Scd,, i?on neue= 
ven ^D^ularen 9loi:elIiften gar nidit ju 
rebcn, burdiaug not^ig unb Bietcn beni, ber 
fie, luie 5.^. ein Samuel Pegge, mit ticfcvem 
Qhige Bctrad;ten fann, oft fcl;on burd; i^re 
Moge S'orm ^toffju irid;tigcn :pI;irologifd;cn 
unb !p^iIofo^v(;ifcl)cn ^icfultaten. *) 

QlUe bicfe in mcinem S33erfe ent(;a[tenen 
6cfDnberen(Scf;attirungen iDonQiusbriicfai finb 
iebod; auf ^a§ (Sorgfaltigfte i^on anbern ge= 
fd;teben unb jebcS einjelne QBort mit 6e= 
'fonberen-^(6fiir5ungcn oberBftii;^^ tierfel^en, 
fo baf?, ba ein i^ol(ftvinbige§ SScrjeicInti^ ber 
iH^rfd;icbenen -^(Sfiirjungen bem ^cxtc kige= 
fiigt, burc^)kUUj feinc Strung in bem ®e6rv'iud)e 
berfelScn moglid; ift, aufer hci 3bioten. 

3)te6 jur QlntUH^rt auf bie ®ortc bcr^er= 
ren §■ e 1 1 i n g v& (Somp. : "legitimate words 
are placed in juxtaposition with the lowest 
cant, as if they were of equal value." 2)iefe 
un6e(;olfenen 6ovirmafcI)inen fd;cinen mein 
5Borter6uc^ freilid; im @d)fafc i^er^un^t ju 
:^aben} fonft \i>iirben fie iro^I nic^U Stingo, 



* "The thieves of London are conservators ofj 
Anglo-saxouisms."' Lalhain — The English Language, 
London, 1S41. — Compare also Professor PotVs in- 
genious remarks on cant languages in his learned 
work : "The Gipseys in Europe and Asia ," Halle, 
1S44-45, VoL II, p. 2 ct scqq. 



* „!Dic SoutiLMicv JMet)c tcnjaljrcu ani}dfdd)i'ifct)c Syrac^-- 
etgent^umliitfciten." Latham — The English Language, 
London, 1841. - fflal. aucf) S^mw >pvofcjTov qjotf iS 
fdjavrTtimige a?cmci-huigcn iibcv ©auncrunadjcn in fciiicin 
9elct)vtcu 2Bcrfc : ,,1^10 BiGf""*-'!^ iii Suropa iiiii> Jlficii," 
>Varic, IS 44 -45, i^t. II, S. 2 ff. 



XXIV 



Shift and others, without any distinction 
("... as if they were of equal value!''), 
although they found them properly marked 
in my work, the former as a cant word used 
hy Addison, the latter by a cautionary paren- 
thesis indicating it as an inelegant word. 

Mr. Smart, an English lexicographer of 
real merit, hut whose "WalkerBemodelled" 
has an entirely different tendency from 
my dictionary, observes with that nice 
discrimination peculiar to him, in a note 
to a certain w-ord which is generally con- 
sidered as vulgar: — "Words grow in- 
delicate not on account of what they 
signify, for nothing is indelicate which is 
not unnecessarily obtruded; but by be- 
coming favourite and familiar terms among 
those, wiio are notoriously deficient in the 
decencies of civilized life." — There is a 
German proverb, taken from Scripture, 
{TUus,Chap. 1. V. 15.) "Unto the pure all 
things are pure, &c." This I would advise 
these "purists" to learn by heart. 

But to return to the comparison of the 
letter S. If my improvers have, on the 
one hand, no small merit for "enlarging" 
this letter by one word, they have, on 
the other, the still greater of having left 
out no less than 2850 articles, many 
of which, indeed, are more or less ob- 
solete, but certainly w^orthy I should sup- 
pose of explanation, unless Shakespeare, 
Milton, Bacon, Chapman, Dryden, Swift, 
Addison, Goldsmith, Dr. Jolmson, Ld. 
Byron, Sir W. Scott, Th. Camphcll, the Bible 
itself! and many others, from wiiom these 
repudiated w^ords have been collected, 
must yield their claims to be regarded 
as good English authorities! In short, the 
result is, that these persons, who are 
not ashamed to assert — in the face of 
the Public, — that their servile reprint, 
so loosely made up, "is to be considered 
to a very great extent, as an original 
work," left a letter like S not only to- 



Shift, unb anberc ^Sorte, bie Bci mir au^^ 
briicEIid; Be5etcl;net jtnb, — bag crftere aU tin 
cant-Q(u§brutf ijon Addison cjeSrauc^t, ta^ 
le^tere (burd; cine ivarnenbe ^arentf?efe) a(g 
uttfcf;{tfli(^, — in ir^rem S^lac^btucf aU Qan^^ 
unanftogig auffii:^ren. 

^crr Smart, ein englifc^er ^exifogra^^ sjon 
irirflidjem 3Serbicnfte, beffen Walker Remo- 
delled jcbocfj ganj anbere S^^'^^^ (^I§ J^icin 
SortcrBucI) ijevfolgt, facjt ntit bent i^nt eigc- 
nen feinen (Sinn fcei einem geii^o^nlt^ aU 
gemcin Bctrad;teten3Borte : — „2Borte merbcn 
nid)t iDcgen i^rer 95ebeutung im 33evlaufc 
bcr 3cit anftofig, bcnn ntd)t6 ift anftijfig, 
ma§ nic^t unnot^igerweife ^crBcigejogen 
mirb, fonbern nur mil fte gem unb oft uon 
bencn gcl3raud;t \x)crben, t>on benen offenfun= 
big ift, baf i^nen bie Q(nftanbig!ett beg 
gctilbcten ScBeng aBgc^t." — (Sg gicBt cin 
beutfdjcS ber 93i6el entlcfjnteg 6:pndjtt)Drt: 
— „bcm meinen ift ^lUcg rein, jc." {%\tn§ 
Jlap. 1. 33. 15). 3)icS mogen bie ^erren 
„^uriften" auSmenbtg lernen. 

Ql6cr urn ix)icber §u ber 33crgleid;ung beg 
33ud;fta6en S juriicfjufc^^ren. 2Benn bie 23er= 
Bcffcrer auf einer ©cite bag grof e SSerbtenft 
:^a6cn, bicfcn ^udiftaBen urn etnQBort Be= 
rcid;crt §u Ija'bmi fo I;a6cn fte auf beran= 
bercn bag nod) i^icl gro^crc, nid;t wcnigcr 
alg 2850 teifcl iDcggelaffen §u t;a6en, i^on 
bcncn ijiele allcrbingg me^^r ober it)eniger 
ioerattet, aBcr cBcn unt fo mel;r ber (Srflarung 
wert^ ftnb, luenn anb erg Seamen mieS/iafee- 
speare, MiUon, Bacon, Chapman, Dryden, 
Swift, Addison, Goldsmith, Dr. Johnson, 
Ld. Byron, Sir W. Scott, Th. Campbell, bie 
® 113 el fel6ft! unb incle 5tnbere, aug bencn 
bicfe unnotl;ig eradjtctcn 5(ugbnic!e gcfdjijpft 
ftnb, cnglifd;e ^lutoritdtcn genannt roerben 
biirfcn ! furj, bag Olefuttat ift, baf ijon bie= 
fen 3}?enfd)cn, bie fid) ni^t fd;dmen, — bem 
$u6Iicum in'g ©ef!d;t, — eincn fo locfer 
unb gemiffcniog jufammengcmorfcnen ^adj-- 
brucf ein SBud; ju ncnnen, iDag, in einem 
^o^en ©rabe alg cin Driginal=3Ber! ju Be= 



XXV 



tally unaltered or unimproved, but omitted 
or failed to insert about 4000 words, 
either taken from the best English authors, 
or belonging to the sciences, arts and 
trades, as: — Physics, Chemistry, Zoo- 
logy, Ornithology, Ichthyology, Mineralogy, 
Botany, Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery, Ar- 
chitecture, Heraldry, Chronology, Naval 
Aflairs and Architecture, Mechanics, Com- 
merce, &;c. &c. 

Do they call this adapting my work to 
the wants of the English student? 

I have sufficiently indicated above and 
every person of but moderate education 
knows a priori, that, in a dictionary as 
in any scientific work, many points may 
be detected, which will yield labour 
for many years to come: and here it is, 
where an honest inquirer commences and 
carries on his investigations. 

There were many things in the second 
edition of my dictionary, open to improve- 
ment, and much that was to be added; that 
Felling, Heimann & Co. were not able 
to find this out, but, on the contrary, in 
utter ignorance copied every thing, even 
errors of the press ; this alone is already 
sufficient to sligmatize them as mean 
pirates, although they try to evade the 
charge in their advertisements. At the 
close of their puffing advertisement, men- 
tioned p. XLVl they further say: — "The 
cost and pains thus bestowed by the 
English editors and publishers entitle it 
to be considered, to a very great extent, 
as an original work, and it ought not to 
be confounded with servile reprints, which 
are stigmatized (though not correctly) as 
piratical." 

It is characteristic indeed that these 
people indicate in their advertisements, 
that their reprint was not punishable by 
law; unhappily they seem to have for- 
gotten, that although, the laws of England! 



trac(»tcn fei, in cincm 3Bud)ftaBcn wk S nidjt 
niir nid;tg gccinbcrt obcr i^crkffcrt unirbc, 
fonbcru ungcfa(;r 4000 SSortcr fe(;(cn, bic 
sum Xf;cil lion ben crftm cnglifckn <Bd}x\ft= 
ftcllern gcBraud;t irerbcn, ^um Xijni [oId)cn 
3I5iffeu[d}aften, ^iinftcn unb®inDcrBcn, wic: 
— ber $^^ftf, 6(;cmtc, Boologic, Drnit[)Dlo= 
gic, 3d}t(;l)oIog{c, 33(incra(Dcjic, SBotanif, WU= 
btcin, 2lnatDmie, (S^irurgie, 5trd)itcctur, <§e= 
ralbif, (S^ronologie, 3}?anne, bcr <Sd;iJtS6au* 
funft, bcr 2)^cd;anif, bcm ^anbcl, jc. k. mt'= 
lcl;nt irorbcn ftnb. 3^cnncn [ie bieg ntetn 3Scrf 
bcn-23cburfniffctt berSngldnbcr an^affcn? 

3d; fjabc chm bcutlid; gcnug gcjcigt, 
iinb jcbcr einigcrma^cn @c6i{bcte wcif bic§ 
a priori, ba§ in einem ^exifon, \vk in iebcm 
n?{ffcnfd;aftlid;cn ^crfc, $im!tc gcnug auf:= 
^ufinben finb, in bcnen 5lr6ctt fiir eiuc meitc 
3ufunft cntf;alten ift : unb ^ier ift eg, 
wo etn reblid; forfd;cnber (SdjriftftcUcr 
anfniiipfcn unb fortBaucn mug. 

(§§> wax gar 2)?and,)eS in bcr §weitcn Qluf* 
lage meincg 9B6rtcr6ud;eg noc^ ju Bcrid^ti- 
gen, uncnb(id) ^ickS ^^injujufiigen; bajj bic§ 
S'ciling unb ^onfortcn nid)t !^erauSfinbcn 
fonnten, fonbcru in ber Bcbauerlid)ftcn Un= 
unffcnljcit Q(Uc0, fogar 3)rudfcl)tcr tlinblingS 
co^nr^cn, fd;on bic§ atlcin Bvanbniarft jic aU 
gcmcine ^lagiatorcn, o6gleid) fte.gcgcn bicfcn 
SSoninirf in i^ren Qlnjetgcn 5tu^f(iid)tc ju 
mad;cn ijcrfud;cn. 5lm @d;Iuffc jcncS ©. XL VI 
crn?a:^ntcn ^uffg tjci^t eg ucimlid; fcrncr: — 
„3)ie Soften unb Tlxitjc, wddjt bic (Snglifdicn 
«§crauggcBcr unb 33erlcger auf bicfc®ci[e auf 
bag SBcrf i^cni»cnbet ^aBen, Bcredjtigcn eg 
in ^o^cm ©rabc alg cin OrtginaI=2Qcrf angc= 
fc:^cn ^u \t)erbcn, unb man folltc eg nid;t mit 
fclaijifd;ett 0lact)bru(f en s?crwed;fcln, 
tDcld;c (oBn)o(;I fdtfd;lid;cr SSeifc) alg 
bicBifd? gc6ranbmar!t iDcrbcn." 

@g ift liBrigcng Bc5cid)nenb fiir biefc Q(rt 
Scute, baf j!c in benfeI6en Qln^ctgcn anbeu* 
ten, i^r 0^ad)brucf fei g c f e | (i c^^ nid;t ftraf= 
Bar; :^ier6ci Dcrgcffcu fte freilic^, ba|?, ircnn 
fie bur^ bag @efe^ ©ngtanbg nicBt Bcftvaft 



XXVI 



should be inadequate lo reach them, they are 
condemned by a law universally acknow- 
ledged — the law of honour. As long as 
there is a vestige of their wilful wrong, 
remaining before the public, their names 
will be a reproach with all those, wiio 
have a due sense of right and justice, 
while my honest endeavours will be acknow- 
ledged and a good name — I trust — 
follow me beyond the grave. * 



ircrbm tonnkn, fie bocf) buvd; ein wdt all- 
gemeiniT anerfanntcg ©cfe^, ba§ ®efc| bcr 
©(;re ijcrbammt ftnb. S^rc 0lamcn fonnen, 
fo lange noc^ eine ©pur ijon bem ah\id)U 
lid) bcgangenen Utircd;tc bcm 33u6ti= 
cum i^orliegt, bon alien rccl;t(icl; ©ejtnntm 
nur in Uncf)rcn genannt merben, iral;renb 
nicine 33cftrc!)uiigcn anerfannt unb ein .quter 
D^ame — id) l^cffe e§ — mtc^) c^renijoU 
iikr ba§ (3xab ^inauS geleiten foUen. 



* On closing this most unpleasant subject I will yet give a few extracts from the correspondence wilh 
the parlies, directly and indirectly (through my attorney, Colonel Aspinwall, U. S. Consul in London), in 
addition to the facts and statements already before the reader, and which may further serve as a criterion 
of the extent of their conscience and principles of honour: — 

The firm Whillaker and Co. wrote to my attorney on August 4. 1841: — "We have only fol- 
lowed the custom of the most respectable ( ! ) booksellers in this country as well as those in France 
and_^Germany in selecting the best foreign work as the basis of our own, &c." 

Upon this I replied among others : — "If the publishers had indeed acted on that same principle 
and had merely reprinted my work as English poets and novelists are reprinted in Germany , I should 
never have thought of saying a word, but this is a quite dilferent case ; instead of leaving me the honour 
which I am duly entitled to, they basely and falsely accuse mc, in the most insulting language of having 
huddled my work together at random ivithout judgment, 8fC. making me answerable for the German and 
English part of which / am not the author. They adopt my name, in spite of my protestations for both 
parts, basing their pretended improvements on the title I have honourably acquired as an author, &c." 

In a postscript to the same letter they notice : — "We also send a copy of the Dictionary for 
Dr. Fli'igel which if inconvenient to forward we will do so free of expense.'' 

Fcilhig and Heimann upon this wrote to me on August 2. 1841: — "As for the use of your 
name on the title page, that is an affair of the publishers with which we had nothing to do." — So, of 
CO irse, they were mere hirelings, servile to the sordid dealers as Mr. Wheaton jubtly styles them. In 
reference to my letter written to the publishers they further say : — "As for the alterations made by our- 
selves, we have fully pointed out what we have done; so that if our modifications are such as are dis- 
approved by you, you will have the satisfaction of finding that we take to ourselves all the praise or 
blame that is due to them, and that your name loill not be compromised in the least;"" here they made 
use of a truth for once — my name could indeed not be compromised (that is : compromited) by 
such men ; but it was abused with unspeakable insolence. The editors in their preface as well as in 
the scrawl of a letter to me make use of statements without facts and use assertions devoid of all argu- 
ment , they pretend in their pure innocence even to speak of certain harsh expressions I had used in 
my letter to the publishers. "Editors and publishers hope that their explanation will perfectly satisfy 
me!" They were indeed greatly mistaken. — The mean and obscure scribblers, not having the skill to 
compile an independent lexicon of their own , found it more convenient to shield their ignorance under 
a well-established title, laying at the same time the incorrections of another's composition at the charge 
of that same author they w^ere plundering, and Avho was deemed proper to raise them into notice ! they 
had, in order to succeed in their adventure and to find sale for their spoil, to say all they could in its 
favour and as much as possible in disfavour of the ground-work, to attract and to engage the public 
no lice to their spurious publication. 

WhUtaker if Co. on the same subject (i. e. on the preface and title) write July 23. 1841: — 
"Whatever alteration may at this period be practicable, can only be adopted upon the joint concurrence 
of Messrs. Dulau ^ Co. and Mr. D. Nutt the other parties concerned in the publication." 

I had communicated to Colonel Aspimuall my alternative, saying : — "if they do not alter the title 
or at least cause an other preface to be wiitten in which that gross and unjust abuse against me dis- 
appears and my name is effaced from the German and English part, 1 shall at a seasonable time repay 
them in their own kind. This is my solemn declaration." Upon this and in due appreciation of their 
characters I received on the 20th Sept. 1841 a copy of their reprint as advised by Wliittaker §• Co. 
on August 4. through the Berlin firm of A. Asher (i. e. D. Null) §- Co. , their impudent preface having 
however been cautiously removed ; the book was instantly returned with the addition of the following 
note : — "The author of the Complete Dictionary deems it very strange and improper that those who 
have endeavoured to injure him, as far as ever an honest author could be injured by respectable book- 
sellers and ditto editors, should attempt to offer him a gift of a work which presents volumes of morti- 
fications to him — although that most impudent preface having been con?cientioiisbj withheld. He de- 
cidedly declines to accept iL" 



XXVII 



The general proofs of synipalliy how- 
ever, which I received in letters and in 
print, from all those who had a knowledge 
of the history of this reprint and other 
literary wrongs I experienced, have indeed 
been highly gratifying to me. 

I must yet observe, that the plagiarists 
have not oflered a word in reply on the 
subject, partly given to the public in my 
pamphlet: — "^itcrarifdje @l}m^iat^icn, &;c. 
1843," and frequently mentioned in the 
preceding pages, except what has been 
quoted of the evasive passages from their 
correspondence. 

One attack, tried since on the part of 
Mr. Grieb, more of a personal nature, I 
may pass over without any derogation 
lo myself, 

exertions , gained the 
whose esteem is of real worth. My prin- 
ciples in this regard I have made manifest 
at the close of my pamphlet "^iterartfd)c 
^i^m^at^icn ;" I therefore omit trouhling 
the reader with any further critical esti- 
mate of this assault; the manner and the 
weapons Mr. Grieb has thought proper 
lo employ against me are of so base a 
nature, that I can offer only contempt in 
return. By quoting merely the scandalous 
preface of Feiling and Heimann to the 
public he has sufficiently pointed out the 
sphere in which he walks. The fair and 



being sure of having by my 
regard of those. 



^rfrculicf) ift eg mir akr j^ctvcfcn, ta§ id; 
W\ Allien, iucfd?c fcic nu6fii(;rlid)c ©cfd;id;tc 
bicfcg 3^ad;brucfc5 foiDo(;t al3 anbcrc mir \m^ 
bcrfa(;rcnc litcrarifdKltnOittcn fcnncn, (jum 
%i)dl mir gan^ Un6c!annicn), flufnTcrbcnt= 
M;e 35ewcife bcr 3!^ci(ua:^mc gcfunbcn (;a6c. 

«§icr muf ic^ nod; crtt)a(;ncn, ba|} bic 
3^ad;bru(!cr fcltft auf bicfc jum ^^cil fd;on 
1843 \n ntcincu okn gcnanntcn „^{tcrari= 
fc^en <S^m^^at^icn" bargclccjtcn 3Scr^a(tniffe 
fein Sort bcr (Svaubcruncj gcl^iBt (;a6cn, 
mit Q(u6nal;mc bcr t^cilunnfc cittrtcn 5(uS= 
fliicl;tc aug bcr mit {(;ncn gc^flogcncu 
(SorrcfpDubcnj. 

^incn fcitbcm i:on ^errn ©ric6 i^cr- 
fuducn Qlngrijt, bcr nic^r pcrfonlicI;cr -2trt 
w^dx, fvtnn u\) im SBciDugtfcin bcv Qld)tung 
iuclc()c mcine SBcftrcBungcu hd bcncn gcfun= 
ben :^vt6cn, bcrcn Qld;tun3 ijon traf;r(;aftcm 
fficrtf; ift, gctreft sjcrgcffcn. 3ct; ^a6c mcinc 
©runbfci^e in bicfcr 3?c3icl;ung am (Sd;Iuffe 
bcr „?itcrarifd;cn 6l;mpat^ien" Bcvcit^ au§= 
gcfprodjcn; ba^cr untcrlaffe tc^ eg audi, bag 
^uMicum mit cincr fcrncrcu ©iirbigung bie= 
[eg ^tngriffcg gu Bc^cUigcn; ber Jon, ben 
«§err®rieb anftimmt unb bicSBaffen, bcrcn 
er ftd; gcgen mtd;6cbicnt, jtnbjuniebrigcrQtrt, 
urn irgenb ^tiyag, am aKenrenigften '2(cf;n=^ 
Iid;cg, barauf ju entgcgnen. 3)urd; (Jitirung 
ber fcl)ma()licl)cn 33errcbc beg engliff&cn ^yi<{6.)= 
brucfeg atlcin, vodiK ^err © r i e b bcm ^^uHi= 
cum^umOScftcn gaB, ^atbcvfelbc feincn cigcneu 



Not having received any olher satisfaction for the grievous wrongs done me by those unprinci|)Ied men, 
except in universal sympathy from Mterary sources of the highest respectability § 1 hope to be pardoned for 
having given this long narration ; it is the only redress I can find - for the present — after seven long years 
of silent sufferance; it was a debt I owed and had to pay according to promise, although of longer stand- 
ing than I had wished. It was a duty likewise incumbent on me lo undeceive the public, particularly the 
Engiish; lo their decision I submit, for they are the consliluted judges in matters of right or wrong. 



§ Out of a very great number of such proofs I will add only a few brief instances: — It does 

seem to us a great hardship for a man to be thus cut oil" from the recompense of long toil by the piracy 
of his works and still harder that his good name should be hurl hv his having impulcd lo him" others ihat 
he would be ashamed to own, &c. 

Genllemaii''s Mayazinc, Sepl. 1844. 

Dr. Fliigel, the eminent lexicographer, complains of a grievous wrong done him by the republi- 

calion, in England, of his English and German bictionary, wiiii professed improvements by other persons, 
wiio acted as editors to the new edition. We fully admil "llie wrong, but can see no remcdy'but a heller law 
of international copyright. 

Alhenacum, 3Iav 25. 1S44. 



XXVIII 



discerning part of the public will be Ihe 
best judges for appreciating the facts 
presented. 

1 well know, that as every other work 
is open to censure, my own will not form 
an exception; I myself am perhaps the 
most severe critic upon it, hut to malignant 
criticlings, who cannot offer any thing 
better or even similar, I boldly offer my 
work as the best reply. 

A slight reprehension in the Quarterly 
Review, No. CL. of March 1845, p. 294 
against my dictionary regarding Ameri- 
canisms, I have yet to refute, the source, 
whence it flowed really deserving it. 
There it is said: — "An especially com- 
mendable English and German Dictionary 
has been published at Leipsic, by Dr. 
Fliigel, a clever and laborious German, 
who acts there as Consul of the United 
States. As one proof of the superiority 
of this W'Ork, it has been pirated (very 
unhandsomely, it would seem, though not 
illegally) both in Germany and England. 
The Doctor's intimate knowledge of ob- 
solete expressions found in our early 
writers is quite surprising; and his ac- 
quaintance with our modern terms of art 
and commerce no less so. We wish he 
had not burthened his page with Ameri- 
canisms many of which w^e cannot admit 
into the English language at all." -— As 
regards the closing remark I have to 
observe that the reasons Americanisms 
were admitted into my work have been 
given already in the first edition (p. VII); 
they are entitled to the same right as 
other Provincialisms and w^ere introduced 
on the same principles, as explained p. 
LIII, et seqq. Only to serve the gene- 
rality of readers of English or American 
productions I have embodied in my work 
words and phrases of all shades, as used 
in former times or current at the pre- 



(Stanbipunft ^intcinj^Iid) fcejeid^net. 3)er rebUd;c 
unb urt(;eil§fa^ic}e 5:()eil be6 ^^uBltcumg tinrb 
fi^on bm ricl)tigcn 2)^a^jtat^ ^ur QBiirbigung 
ber iiorlicgcnbcn 3!^atfad;cn anjulcgcn miffcn. 

©ot^livci^ ic(v ba§ nmni^eS ^injelnc me 
an icbcm, fo an mcincm 3Bcrfe getabelt 
mcrben !ann; id; feI6ft Un fein f^diffter 
3:abler: abcr ()amif($m 33c!rittlern, biefelBjl 
ntd)tg^cffcrc§ obcr nidji nnmai 5lc:^nti(^e§ ju 
liefern im @tanbe ftnb, [telle id; oi;ne Saa^tn 
aU htfti: ^miberung metn Set! felbft :^in. 

©tncn leid^ten 3^abcl, ben i^ l^ier nur 
be§t)al6 miberlegen m\i, wdl bie Duclle, 
au6 ber cr flo§, ciner SStberlegung n^irfli^ 
wcxt^ ift, fanb id) in bent Quarterly Review, 
No. CL. im WtaxJ^ 1845, lueldieg ft(^ @. 294 
liBer mein 3Bcr! folgenbcrma^en du^erte : — 
„(Sin Befonberg empfe^len0\i?ertBeg englifd)= 
beiitfd;ea SorterBu(^ tft in ^ei^jig i^on Dr. 
?^ I ii g e I , einem tiic^tigen unb flei^igen 2)eut= 
fd)en, ber bort aU (lonfut ber CBereinigten 
6taaten fungirt, :^erau§gege6en ivorben. (Sin 
3eidien ber 3}or5iigltd;!cit bicfeS SBerfeg ift, 
baf e§ fo\t)D^l in 5)eut[d;tanb al6 in @ng= 
lanb (auf fe^r une:^ren:^afte, obwol;! bur(^ 
bag ®e[c^ nid;t ftrafBare Setfe, tuie e0 fd;eint) 
ge^Iiinbert irorben ift. 2)ea 3!)octor'^ genaue 
^enntnij^' ijeraltetcr, in unferen dltercn 
@d;riftftellern ijorfommenbcr 5lugbriicfe ift 
ganj iiBerrafd;enb, xmb nid)t meniger fcinc 
53e!anntfd;aft mit unferen neueren .tunji= 
unb ^anbel§=5lu§briicfcn. 3^ur aninfd;en wix, 
ba^ er feinem 5Ber!e nid;t Qlmerifanigmcn 
aufgcBiirbet ^dtte, t)on benen mir 5?icle ganj 
unb gar md;t in bie englifd;e (S!prac6e auf= 
ne^men t'onnen." — 2Ba§ ben @d;luffa| 
biefer 2Beurtt)cilung anbelangt, fo f)aU id) ju 
erwd^nen, ba^ bie ©riinbe, icarum 5lmeri= 
fani^men in meinem ^er!e aufgcnommen 
wurbcn, Bereit6 in ber erften QlujTage (^. 
VII) angegeBen ftnb; fte ntu^ten Qlufmi^me 
finben, unb jwar nai^ benfetScn @runbfd|en, 
bie o6cu (S. LIII, ff. eridutcrt luorbeu ftnb. 
0^ur urn ber Qnigemeinl;eit ijon J^efern 
englifc^er unb amertfanifd)er (Sc^riftwerfe ju 



XXIX 



sent age in any of the Pronnces or Co- 
lonies of Great Britain, or in any of the 
States of the American Union; now as 
Americanisms like other Provincialisms, &;c. 
have always hcen indicated as such, I 
think I am unjustly censured for having 
admitted them into my dictionary, the 
tendency of which has heen sufficiently 
enlarged upon (vid. pp. XXII and XXIII). 
Whole works would be unintelligible 
without their explanation ; merely to 
mention a few English (not American) 
productions, as: Judge Halihurions Sam 
Slick, Jonathan Slick, ike, or large por- 
tions of other works of Capt. Marryal, 
Charles Dickens, and others, English po- 
pular journals, &c. 

Where else should the reader, espe- 
cially the German reader get his infor- 
mation but from the dictionary, as glos- 
saries explanatory of the like productions 
are never given by their authors? 

At the close of this preface I deem it 
my duty, to acknowledge the efficient aid 
rendered me by my son Dr. Felix Fliigel, 
especially in the preparatory labours of 
the latter part of the alphabet in this 
work; as w^ell as the cheerful readiness 
manifested by my assistants not only in 
reading the proofs,* but also in con- 
sulting the different technical works, by 
which a considerable saving of time was 
effected. Moreover, I cannot pass in si- 
lence, nor without many thanks the kind- 
ness, with which I have been frequently 
assisted by friends and acquaintances, in 
the definition of the respective terms of art ; 
of especial use to me were likewise many 
valuable works in the Public Libraries of 
the place, to which free access was most 



b i c n c n, ^aBe id) meinem 3Scrfe Sorter unb 
O^cbcnaarten bon alien ©c^)vittiriingen, in 
fruf;erer 3cit liBIi^c ober in neuerer 3eit 
aufijefommenc, gleidjinel d6 in ircjenb eincr 
^roinnj ober (Colonic (SngfanbS ober in ir- 
genb eincm <BtaaU ber amerifantfd;en Union 
geSraiic^t, eini^erleiSt; bvi nun ^(mcrifviniymen, 
e6en[o \vk anbcre ^roinncivili^men, jc. jlet^ 
beutlid) aU fold;e tcjeic^net unirben, fo ifi 
ein 3:;abcl itSer il^re ^(ufna^mc in cin SBorter* 
6ucf; \vi<i bag ijegeniyartige, bcffen 3^enben5 
I;tnIangU^ 6ef:pvod;cn tuorbcn ifl (ijgl. 6®. 
XXII unb XXIll), ungcrecl^t. ©anje SBerfc 
miirbcn ofinc if;re Grffarung unijerfivinblid; 
[ein 5 urn nur einige englif(l;c (nidu 
amerifantfd)e) 3Bcrfe 511 ncnnen, wit: 
Judge Halihurions Sam Slick, Jonathan 
Slick, &c., ober ganje <StetIen anberer 3Berfe, 
6ci Marryal, Dickens, &c. in englifi^en :po= 
pulciren Sournatcn, jc. — SSo anber6 follte 
ftd; woljl ber ^efer, jutiiaf ber beutf^e, 9tat^ 
:^oIen aly im ©orterBu^e, ba jenen @d)rtftcn 
nie erfldrenbe 3Sortregiftcr BeigcgeSen jtub? 
-i(m@(^Iuffe biefer 3}orrebe crad)te id; e6 
aU -^fltd)t, beg t^atigen ^SeijlanbeS meineg 
6oI;ney Dr. ^^relix g-Iiigel, Bcfonberg Bei 
ben 3}orarBeiten in ben fpciteren Sud)ftaBen 
btefeg 3BerfeS, anerfennenb ju ermal^nenj 
eBeufo bte2)icnj^milltgfeit metner@e^ulfen in 
bem jeitrviuBenbenS^adif^Iagen ber i?erfd)iebc- 
nen tedjntfdien 2Berfe nub ^efung ber Sor= 
rectur;*) feruer gebenfe id) nod) ban!6ar unb 
mit Befonberem 33ergnugeu ber 93ercitmiUig?= 
!ett, mit n?etdjer id) Bei biefer fdiirterigen Qlr= 
Beit ton ^rennben unb 35efannten in ber 2Be= 
gripBeftimmung ober ©ac^erflarung ber 
ijerfc^iebenen .^unjiaugbriicfe ofterg untcr* 
fti't^t irorben Bin; Don Befonberem 0lu^en 
iraren mir and) t;ierBei inele fcBone SBerfe ber 
^ieftgen offenttid;en 3BiBIiot^efen, beren 35e= 
nuiung mir auf bte juijorfommenbjle 3Seife 



* The proofs were read five times and by dif- 
ferent persons. — Here also the skill and unwearied- 
ness of Mr. H. Ritdiger , the compositor deserve 
creditable mention. 



* J^ic dorrcctuvcn wurfcii filnf Tlal nut) fou v^ev* 
i■d)ie^encu ^lU-rfcncn gcfefcti. — .§»ier vertteut and) cvivafnit 
ju mcrtcn, ta9 t>er®cfi-f;icf(i(f)fctt uiifcUuiHntvoiTenbctt bed 
Sc^cr^ ^crvn ^. Dtiibigcv tjolle Slucrfcnminfl (jf^ulnl. 



XXX 



liberally granted. Amongst these many 
favours received I would especially men- 
tion Dr. Felix Liehrecht of Berlin and 
Dr. Alexander Fabian of Halle, who con- 
tributed a small collection of words, which 
although mostly found in the materials on 
hand, yet sometimes presented a valuable 
term which had escaped my notice. These 
were to me satisfactory proofs of the 
kind attention of these gentlemen; I beg 
to add that similar favours will also be 
most thankfully received in future, for the 
benefit of the public. 

F. 



moglic^ cjcmac^t tpurbe. Unter tiffcn i?tclcn 
93ctrc{fen beS ^Bo^Iwollena, erwci^ne idj 
nod) Bcfonbcrg eimgcr Heinen S6rtcr6ct:= 
trcige ber ^erren Dr. ^elir !^ieBrcd;t in 
SScrltn, unb Dr. 5lle:i:anber t5fa6iatt in 
<§alle, bic §tt»ar mciftena nut bag in meinen 
(Sammtungen fd;on SSor()anbcne, jutDcitcn 
iebo(J> etn mir cntgangcneg gutcg SSort ent= 
^ielten. 2)iefe6 \mxm mir angcne^me SBelege 
sjon bet 5lufmcr!fam!cit bicfcr '^crrcn; mDC^= 
ten folc^e S3ctDeife ber ^rennblicl;feit fid) 
boc^ jum 0lu|en beg ^u6ticumg aud; in 
3u!unft n)teber:^oIen. 



LEIPSIC: 

PRINTED BY J. B. IIIRSCHFELD. 



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